[The clinical significance of insomnia in chronic headache]. / Klinicheskaya znachimost' insomnii pri khronicheskoi golovnoi boli.

OBJECTIVE: To study the features of the manifestation of insomnia and its impact on the condition and quality of life in patients with chronic tension-type headache. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 65 patients with chronic tension-type headache and insomnia. Patients filled out questionnaires on headache severity, sleep quality, emotional status and quality of life. Seventeen patients underwent polysomnography. RESULTS: Patients with more severe insomnia had significantly more severe anxiety (p<0.001) and depression (p=0.025). Such patients assessed their quality of life worse according to the SF-12 questionnaire (p<0.002) and the Subjective Well-Being Scale (p<0.001), a higher level of central sensitization was observed in patients with more severe insomnia (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The negative impact of insomnia on the condition of patients is not so much an increase in pain as such, but rather its influence on the quality of the emotional state and life in general, as well as an increase in the interdependence and mutual influence of other clinical and psychophysiological manifestations of the disease. Therefore, the clinical significance of insomnia is the deterioration of a person's ability to tolerate pain, which is the main prerequisite for a decrease in quality of life.

Giant oscillations of diffusion in ac-driven periodic systems.

We revisit the problem of diffusion in a driven system consisting of an inertial Brownian particle moving in a symmetric periodic potential and subjected to a symmetric time-periodic force. We reveal parameter domains in which diffusion is normal in the long time limit and exhibits intriguing giant damped quasiperiodic oscillations as a function of the external driving amplitude. As the mechanism behind this effect, we identify the corresponding oscillations of difference in the number of locked and running trajectories that carry the leading contribution to the diffusion coefficient. Our findings can be verified experimentally in a multitude of physical systems, including colloidal particles, Josephson junction, or cold atoms dwelling in optical lattices, to name only a few.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF PLACENTAL DAMAGE DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF 137Cs. / MORFOLOGIChNI TA IMUNO-GISTOKhIMIChNI OSOBLYVOSTI POShKODZhENNIa PLATsENTY VNASLIDOK INKORPORUVANNIa 137Cs.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the morphological and immunohistochemical features of placental damage due to theincorporation of 137Cs depending on the scenario of pregnancy completion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study material consisted of placentas from 60 women with reproductive losses inanamnesis and signs of termination of the current pregnancy (first group) and placental samples from 30 women with an uncomplicated gestation and an unencumbered anamnesis (control group). The detailed study required the distribution of placental samples from the first group into subgroups. Subgroup 1a included 38 placentas from women who gave birth at 37-40 weeks, despite signs of termination of the current pregnancy. Subgroup 1b - placentas of 13 women who gave birth at a gestation period of 28-36 weeks + 6 days. Subgroup 1c - 9 placental samples from women who gave birth at a gestation period of 22-27 weeks + 6 days. The volumetric activity of the 137Cs in the placentas was measured using ß-spectrometer. The histology of the placenta was studied using a standard technique. The following expressions were studied in placenta: CD31 / PECAM-1, CD45 / T200 / LCA, CD56 / NCAM-1, CEA / CD66e Ab-2, Vimentin, using indirect streptavidin peroxidase detection method. RESULTS: Placentas accumulate 137Cs. The different volumetric activity of the isotope correlates with scenarios of pregnancy. Due to the action of incorporated 137Cs with a specific mass of more than 1.1 Bq/kg, placental dysfunction develops. The consequences of placental dysfunction depend on the volumetric activity of the 137Cs and the preservation of adaptive and compensatory reactions in the placenta. Morphological and immunohistochemical features of placental damage to incorporated 137Cs were established, depending on the scenario of completion of pregnancy. A marker of unfavorable completion of pregnancy is the expression of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the placenta. CONCLUSIONS: Premature termination of pregnancy (PTP) is a multifactorial pathology associated with pathological changes in immune and neuroendocrine regulation and hereditary, infectious, and environmental factors that disrupt the adaptation mechanisms in the mother-placenta-fetus system. Intraplacental irradiation of 137Cs is one of the factors in the multifactorial nature of reproductive losses. As a result of intraplacental irradiation of 137Cs, the architecture of the placenta is disturbed, the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines CD45 and CD56 increases, and the coagulation cascade is activated. Extreme effects depend on the volumetric activity of the isotope incorporated in the placenta and the organ's compensatory capacity. Accumulation of up to 1.0 Bq/kg 137Cs does not affect the course of gestation. Internal irradiation with an activity of 4.5-10.4 Bq/kg 137Cs triggers late preterm labor. The nature of the damages corresponds to the category of «lesion of the maternal stroma¼ of the placenta. The volumetric activity of 137Cs over 10.4 Bq/kg is a probable cause of early preterm labor and antenatal fetal death. At the same time, the maternal and fetal structures of the placenta suffer damage. Expression of vimentin is a marker of placental destruction due to internal irradiation of 137Cs with a specific gravity of more than 4.5 Bq/kg. Expression of CEA in the structures of the placenta of women with PTP is a unique find and marker of premature birth and antenatal fetal death with intraplacental irradiation of 137Cs with an activity of more than 4.5 Bq/kg.

[Nightmares in patients with insomnia]. / Nochnye koshmary u bol'nykh insomniei.

Studies show a high frequency of comorbidity of insomnia and nightmares, which aggravate and chronicle each other. The mechanisms of their mutual influence are different. Insomnia changes the nature of dreams, both indirectly through emotional hyperactivation characteristic of insomnia, and as a result of frequent awakenings. However, frequent recurring unpleasant and frightening dreams can themselves increase the frequency of nocturnal awakenings and worsen the quality of sleep. The comorbidity of insomnia and nightmares should be taken into account when choosing a therapeutic approach in this category of patients. Priority are drugs that do not cause nightmares as a side effect, as well as psychotherapy.

[Comorbidity of tension headache and insomnia]. / Komorbidnost' golovnoi boli napryazheniya i insomnii.

The review shows the relationship between tension-type headache (THT) and insomnia. The pathophysiological and psychological mechanisms of their mutual influence on each other are considered. Evidence is provided that the combination of these pathologies often leads to the development of maladaptive coping strategies that aggravate the patient's condition. The features and difficulties of therapy of patients suffering from TTH and insomnia are considered in detail. It has been shown that the treatment of such patients should include approaches aimed at stopping TTH, sleep disorders and associated emotional disorders using drug and non-drug methods of treatment.

A Technology for Anti-Thrombogenic Drug Coating of Small-Diameter Biodegradable Vascular Prostheses.

The aim of the study was to develop a technology for anti-thrombogenic drug coating of biodegradable porous scaffolds and to evaluate the physicomechanical and hemocompatible properties of functionally active vascular prostheses with and without a drug coating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vascular prostheses from polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate and polycaprolactone with the incorporated vascular endothelial growth factor, the main fibroblast growth factor, and the chemoattractant SDF-1α were made by emulsion electrospinning. Additional surface modification of the prostheses was carried out by forming a hydrogel coating of polyvinylpyrrolidone capable of binding drugs as a result of complexation. Unfractionated heparin and iloprost were used as anti-thrombogenic drugs. RESULTS: We show that after the modification of vascular prostheses with heparin and iloprost, a 5.8-fold increase in the Young's modulus value was noted, which indicated a greater stiffness of these grafts compared to the unmodified controls. Platelet aggregation on the surface of heparin + iloprost coated vascular prostheses was 3.3 times less than that with the unmodified controls, and 1.8 times less compared to intact platelet-rich plasma. The surface of vascular prostheses with heparin and iloprost was resistant to adhesion of platelets and blood proteins. CONCLUSION: Drug (unfractionated heparin and iloprost) coating of the surface of biodegradable prostheses significantly improved the anti-thrombogenic properties of these grafts but contributed to the increased stiffness of the prostheses.

The Cardio- and Neuroprotective Effects of Corvitin and 2-Oxoglutarate in Rats with Pituitrin-Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage.

Heart diseases, especially acute coronary syndrome (ACS), are among the most severe illnesses that often lead to death. Despite significant advances in the prevention and treatment of ACS, the incidence of the disease and its complications are very serious. The imbalance between pro- and antioxidant systems, the formation of active carbonyl compounds, and the end products of glycation in the blood and tissues are the key moments in the development of heart and neurological disorders leading to a change of behavioral responses. So, the search for antioxidants with cardio- and neuroprotective effects is an urgent task. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Corvitin and 2-oxoglutarate on physiological parameters, heart histology, and markers of carbonyl/oxidative stress of rats with pituitrin-isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage (PIMD). Increased sweating, tachycardia, significantly decreased locomotor and exploratory activity, changes of ECG, heart histology, and biochemical changes were observed in the PIMD-group. The administration of Corvitin or 2-OG led to the recovery of locomotor and cognitive activities of the rats, improvement in heart histology, a decrease in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced glycated end products, and various changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, 6 days after PIMD. So, Corvitin and exogenous 2-OG show cardio- and neuroprotective effects through the decrease of carbonyl/oxidative stress and regulation of the activity of the antioxidant system.

Magnonic band spectrum of spin waves in an elliptical helix.

We show that the spin-wave spectrum in an elliptical helix has a band character. The size of the first band gap calculated using the perturbation theory is shown to scale as square root of the eccentricity. Curved magnonic waveguides of the kind considered here could be used as structural elements of future three-dimensional magnonic architectures.

Apolipoprotein A-I Stimulates Cell Proliferation in Bone Marrow Cell Culture.

Culturing of bone marrow cells in serum-free RPMI-1640 medium led to a decrease in the rate of DNA biosynthesis. Addition of HDL or their main protein component apolipoprotein A-I to the culture medium dose-dependently increased the rate of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The maximum stimulation was achieved at HDL concentration of 80 µg/ml and apolipoprotein A-I concentration of 20 µg/ml. To identify the target-cells of apolipoprotein A-I, we used thymidine analogue 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) that incorporates into cell DNA at the stage of replicative DNA synthesis (S phase) and can be detected by fluorescence microscopy. In bone marrow cell culture, apolipoprotein A-I stimulates the proliferation of monocyte (monoblasts, promonocytes) and granulocyte (myeloblasts, promyelocytes) progenitor cells, as well as bone marrow stromal cells.

Mechanisms for Strong Anisotropy of In-Plane g-Factors in Hole Based Quantum Point Contacts.

In-plane hole g factors measured in quantum point contacts based on p-type heterostructures strongly depend on the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the electric current. This effect, first reported a decade ago and confirmed in a number of publications, has remained an open problem. In this work, we present systematic experimental studies to disentangle different mechanisms contributing to the effect and develop the theory which describes it successfully. We show that there is a new mechanism for the anisotropy related to the existence of an additional B_{+}k_{-}^{4}σ_{+} effective Zeeman interaction for holes, which is kinematically different from the standard single Zeeman term B_{-}k_{-}^{2}σ_{+} considered until now.

[THE CONTENTS OF FORMATION OF THE ELECTRIC WELDING ANASTOMOSIS OF STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE].

The character and sequence of changes in the tissues structure of the gastrointestinal walls under the impact of the impulse and constant delivery of electric pressure with frequency 440 kHz were studied. The investigation object was squeezed, using the force, measured from 2 to 6 N/mm2. The ЕКВЗ-300 «Patonmed¼ apparatus was used as a source of supply. Еlectric parameters of the process was fixed, using the analogue-numerical digital converter LCard E20-10 and laboratory oscilloscope Tektronix TDS 3014C. There was established, that electric conjunction of stomach and small intestine include three elements: destroying and disappearance of mucosa, connective tissue and membranes; fusion of the collagen fascicles and the smooth muscle cells; the loss of the collagen fascicles and the smooth muscle structure and creation of homogenous еlectric welding suture. The first two elements of the electric welding anastomosis are occurring simultaneously, but not dependent one from the other. At the welding suture completion the nondestructive changes of the tissues are spreading on a distance not more than 1 mm beyond the borders of the electrods apposition.

Engineered nanopatterned substrates for high-sensitive localized surface plasmon resonance: an assay on biomacromolecules.

In this paper, we report on novel iso-Y-shaped-nanopillar based photonic crystals (PCs) engineered for plasmonic lab-on-a-chip advanced diagnostics. The iso-Y shaped units are selected on the basis of their plasmonic properties, analyzed numerically and experimentally. We show that by accurately choosing the nanopillar shape, dimensions and their geometrical disposal it is possible to obtain efficient optical 2D structures for biomolecule detection by high-sensitive localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR). In particular, an assay is realized by using bovine serum albumin (BSA), a widely recognized model for biosystem studies. BSA was simply deposited on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) previously grown-up on the plasmonic substrate. We demonstrate that the geometries considered allow the design of LSPR nano-assays working in the visible-NIR region based on both intensity interrogation and the resonance peak shift permitting the sensing of BSA with a limit of detection in the order of picomoles (LOD = 233 pM).

Nematic liquid crystal reorientation around multi-walled carbon nanotubes mapped via Raman microscopy.

We have studied the formation of topological defects in liquid crystal (LC) matrices induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and external electric fields. The defects are ascribable to a distortion of the LC molecular director in proximity of the MWCNT surface. The system is analyzed macroscopically using spectroscopic variable angle ellipsometry. Concurrently, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy is used to study the system state at the microscale. This allows to acquire a three-dimensional, spatially-resolved map of the topological defect, determining scale length variations and orientation topography of the LC molecules around the MWCNT.

[Proteolytic activity of IgG-antibodies of mice, immunized by calf thymus histones].

The main goal of the study was to determine the ability of histones to induce production of the proteolytically active IgG-antibodies in BALB/c mice. In order to perform this study 8 mice were immunized with the fraction of total calf thymus histones. IgGs were isolated from the serum of the immunized and not immunized animals by means of precipitation with 33% ammonium sulfate, followed by affinity chromatography on protein G-Sepharose column. Histones, myelin basic protein (MBP), lysozyme, BSA, ovalbumin, macroglobulin, casein and cytochrome c served as substrates for determining the proteolytic activity. It was found that IgGs from the blood serum of immunized mice are capable of hydrolyzing histone H1, core histone and MBP. On the contrary, the proteolytic activity of IgGs from the blood serum of not immunized mice was not detected. The absence of proteolytical enzymes in the fraction of IgGs was proven by HPLC chromatography. High levels of proteolytic activity toward histones have been also detected in affinity purified IgGs from blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but not in healthy donors. These data indicate that eukaryotic histones may induce production of protabzymes in mammals. The possible origin of these protabzymes and their potential biological role in mammalians is discussed.

Quantum interferential Y-junction switch.

We report the observation of the Fermi energy controlled redirection of the ballistic electron flow in a three-terminal system based on a small (100 nm) triangular quantum dot defined in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Measurement shows strong large-scale sign-changing oscillations of the partial conductance coefficient difference G(21) - G(23) on the gate voltage in zero magnetic field. Simple formulas and numerical simulation show that the effect can be explained by quantum interference and is associated with weak asymmetry of the dot or inequality of the ports connecting the dot to the 2DEG reservoirs. The effect may be strengthened by a weak perpendicular magnetic field. We also consider an additional three-terminal system in which the direction of the electron flow can be controlled by the voltage on the scanning gate microscopy (SGM) tip.

[Vertical integration--an important component of rehabilitation of patients with stroke].

Today it is proved that the reduction of mortality from cardiovascular disease is achieved through the implementation of a coordinated set of measures, the most important of which is to increase public awareness of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and their prevention, implementation of effective prevention programs and improve the system of care for stroke.

[Herpetic encephalitis: a clinical case].

An example of diagnostics and treatment of patient is in-process made with herpetic encephalitis. It is well-proven in researches, that a herpetic encephalitis is 11.5% among sharp encephalitises. Morbidity is sporadic, some researchers specify on an increase its spring. An infection can be passed tiny and pin a way. Seasonal vibrations are not incident to the herpetic encephalitis. Two peaks of morbidity are on 5-30 years and age more senior 50 years. More than in 95% cases the virus of simple herpes of type serves as an exciter of herpetic encephalitis 1. A characteristic triad of herpetic encephalitis is the sharp feverish beginning, development of cramps of dzheksonovskogo type and violation of consciousness, developing usually after a brief respirator infection. Sometimes sudden development of cramps and loss of consciousness is preceded a fever. Example of such development of disease is made an in our work.

[The influence of gamma-irradiation and alimentry factors on prooxidant-antioxidant rat's liver and blood system].

The shift of prooxidant-antioxidant balance in side of prooxidants was revealed in rat liver mitochondria and in microsomes and in blood plasma in response to single irradiation (dose 8 Gy). The shift was more expressed in animals with nutrition unbalanced on animal proteins and antioxidant vitamins. In the main it was explained by the initially reduced activity of enzymatic antioxidant system and especially Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. The apply of food addition from Aronia melanocarpa fruits had delayed lipid peroxidation activation in irradiated animals but practically had no effect on activity of enzymatic antioxidant system. The established essential decrease of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity under unbalanced diet is considered the most crucial point in the maintenance of enzymatic antioxidant system reliability in irradiated animals.

Boundary-mediated electron-electron interactions in quantum point contacts.

An unusual increase of the conductance with temperature is observed in clean quantum point contacts for conductances larger than 2(e2/h). At the same time, a positive magnetoresistance arises at high temperatures. A model accounting for electron-electron interactions mediated by boundaries (scattering on Friedel oscillations) qualitatively describes the observation. It is supported by a numerical simulation at zero magnetic field.

[Activity of glutathione-dependent antioxidant system of the rat liver and blood depending on gamma-irradiation and diet].

The role of the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance support was studied in the experiments with Wistar male rat under single gamma-irradiation (8 Gr dose), fed with unbalanced (as to animal proteins and antioxidant vitamins) diet and with addition of Aronia melanocarpa. Single gamma-irradiation of animals led to the decrease of selenium-dependent glutathione-peroxidase activity in the blood plasma and glutathione-S-transferase activity decrease in rat liver mitochondria. Animals which received the unbalanced food allowance under irradiation showed more expressed change of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes activity, namely--proved decrease of glutathione-peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activity in liver microsomes and less expressed activation of selenium-dependent glutathione-peroxidase activity in the postmitochondrial fraction of laboratory animals liver. Introduction of the A. melanocarpa food supplement in the unbalanced diet of the laboratory animals which in vitro demonstrated expressed antioxidant and antiradical activity had no effect upon glutathione-peroxidase activity in the investigated tissues. Obtained data concerning significant decrease of the activity of glutathione-dependent antioxidant system and, particularly, of the selenium-dependent glutathione-peroxidase activity under the unbalanced diet condition may be useful in maintenance of prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the tissues of irradiated animals. Allowing for the above stated it is advisable to seek for new food additives which increase activity of the endogenous glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes for human tolerance improvement, especially under the unbalanced food allowance condition.