Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Azithromycin/pharmacology , Endotoxemia/drug therapy , Inflammation/drug therapy , Serum Amyloid A Protein/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Blood Cell Count , Inflammation/microbiology , Interleukin-6/blood , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Serum Amyloid A Protein/biosynthesisABSTRACT
The full-thickness wound in the genetically diabetic (db/db) mouse is a commonly used model of impaired wound healing. We investigated delayed healing of non-occluded, excisional, full-thickness, dermal wounds in db/db mice in comparison to their normal littermate controls and refined methods for monitoring skin wound re-epithelialization, contraction, granulation tissue formation, and inflammation. We have confirmed with a computer-assisted planimetry method the results of previous studies showing that healing of non-occluded full excision wounds in db/db mice does not occur by contraction as much as in healthy mice. In addition, we have developed separate histological methods for the assessment of re-epithelialization, contraction, granulation tissue (mature, immature, fibrosis), and inflammation (lipogranulomas, secondary, nonspecific). Using a new approach to histological assessment, we have shown that wound closure in db/db mice is delayed owing to: (1) delayed granulation tissue maturation; (2) ''laced,'' widely distributed granulation tissue around fat lobules; and (3) obstruction by lipogranulomas, whereas the rate of re-epithelialization seems to be the same as in C57Bl/6 mice. This methodology should permit a more precise differentiation of effects of novel therapeutic agents on the wound healing process in db/db mice.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Skin/injuries , Wound Healing/physiology , Wounds, Penetrating/pathology , Animals , Female , Fibrosis/pathology , Granulation Tissue/pathology , Inflammation/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Skin/pathology , Wounds, Penetrating/etiologySubject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Clarithromycin , Escherichia coli Infections , Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage , Shock, Septic , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Clarithromycin/pharmacology , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Escherichia coli Infections/mortality , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Shock, Septic/drug therapy , Shock, Septic/mortality , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Apart from becaplermin (recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor homodimer of B chains, PDGF-BB), for the treatment of lower extremity diabetic ulcers, few agents are available for pharmacological stimulation of wound healing. We have compared the mechanism of action of the potential wound healing agent, PL 14736 (G E P P P G K P A D D A G L V), with that of PDGF-BB on granulation tissue formation following sponge implantation in the normoglycemic rat and in healing full-thickness excisional wounds in db/db genetically diabetic mice. Expression of the immediate response gene, early growth response gene-1 (egr-1) was studied in Caco-2 cells in vitro. While PDGF-BB and PL 14736 had similar selectivity for stimulation of granulation tissue in both sponge granuloma and in healing wounds in db/db mice, PL 14736 was more active in stimulating early collagen organization. It also stimulated expression of egr-1 and its repressor nerve growth factor 1-A binding protein-2 (nab2) in non-differentiated Caco-2 cells more rapidly than PDGF-BB. EGR-1 induces cytokine and growth factor generation and early extracellular matrix (collagen) formation, offering an explanation for the beneficial effects of PL 14736 on wound healing.
