The ÓMICAS alliance, an international research program on multi-omics for crop breeding optimization.

The OMICAS alliance is part of the Colombian government's Scientific Ecosystem, established between 2017-2018 to promote world-class research, technological advancement and improved competency of higher education across the nation. Since the program's kick-off, OMICAS has focused on consolidating and validating a multi-scale, multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary strategy and infrastructure to advance discoveries in plant science and the development of new technological solutions for improving agricultural productivity and sustainability. The strategy and methods described in this article, involve the characterization of different crop models, using high-throughput, real-time phenotyping technologies as well as experimental tissue characterization at different levels of the omics hierarchy and under contrasting conditions, to elucidate epigenome-, genome-, proteome- and metabolome-phenome relationships. The massive data sets are used to derive in-silico models, methods and tools to discover complex underlying structure-function associations, which are then carried over to the production of new germplasm with improved agricultural traits. Here, we describe OMICAS' R&D trans-disciplinary multi-project architecture, explain the overall strategy and methods for crop-breeding, recent progress and results, and the overarching challenges that lay ahead in the field.

Corrigendum: The ÓMICAS alliance, an international research program on multi-omics for crop breeding optimization.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992663.].

Frequency of Aspirin Resistance in Ischemic Stroke Patients and Healthy Controls from Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the aspirin resistance prevalence in patients with previous ischemic cerebrovascular disease undergoing aspirin therapy for secondary prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred fifty patients presenting ischemic strokes and 100 healthy controls under aspirin treatment were evaluated using the optic platelet aggregation test. RESULTS: Aspirin resistance was found in 7.4% of the patients with ischemic stroke and 4% of controls. Aspirin resistance was associated with stroke recurrence in univariate analysis (p = 0.004). Aspirin resistance was not associated with smoking, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSION: Aspirin resistance is present in Colombian patients with ischemic stroke as well as in healthy controls.

Tiempo en rango terapéutico (TRT) en clínica de anticoagulación Reportes de eventos adversos y factores asociados a bajo TRT / Time in therapeutic range (TTR) in anticoagulation clinic Reports of adverse events and factors associated with low TTR

En el tratamiento de anticoagulación con warfarina, la reducción de eventos tromboembólicos debe ser valorada con el riesgo de sangrado. El tiempo de rango terapéutico (TRT) por el método de Rosenda al es una herramienta que valora la calidad en la monitorización de la terapia anticoagulante y se correlaciona con presencia de eventos tromboembólicos o sangrados. En este estudio se describe el tiempo de rango terapéutico (TRT R), los factores relacionados con menor (TRT R) y los efectos adversos presentados en la clínica de anticoagulación. Métodos y resultados: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal entre el 1º de enero de 2011 y el 29 de febrero de 2012. Fueron evaluados 2232 resultados de INR de 319 pacientes. 98.550 días de seguimiento. 44% (108) hombres, 66% (211) mujeres, la edad promedio 60.3 años, siete visitas promedio/año, dosis semanal de warfarina 29.8 mg. La dosis semanal presenta una relación inversa con la edad, en menores de 45 años 37.9 mg y en mayores de 75 años 22.1 mg. El TRT R incrementó de 48-54%, respectivamente. Las indicaciones para anticoagulación: fibrilación auricular (FA) 38% (121), enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV) 35% (112), prótesis valvulares (PV) 17.5%(56) y embolia o trombosis arterial (EA) 9.5%(30). 228 pacientes (71%) presentaron un TRT R promedio del 64%. (40-100) INR mayor de 5 en 2.24% e INR menor de 1.5 en 10.9%. Sangrados menores: 16 pacientes (5%), sangrado mayor se presentó en dos pacientes (0.65%) y un evento adverso por embolia (0.32%). Los factores asociados a un TRT R bajo fueron: sexo masculino, enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, uso de warfarina genérica, edad menor de 55 años, tiempo menor de un año y menos de cinco visitas. Conclusiones: El tiempo de rango terapéutico TRT es una medición útil para establecer la eficacia de la terapia anticoagulante con warfarina. La meta de 60% en tiempo de rango terapéutico garantiza menos efectos adversos por sangrado o trombosis. Un número bajo de visitas y anticoagulación menor de un año están asociados a bajo TRT. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 41: 42-48).

In the treatment of warfarin anticoagulation, reduction of thromboembolic events must be evaluated with the risk of bleeding. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) by the method of Rosendaal is a tool that values quality monitoring anticoagulant therapy and correlates with the presence of thromboembolic events or bleeding. In this study time therapeutic range (TTR), factors associated with lower (TTR) and adverse effects presented in the anticoagulation clinic are presented. Methods and Results: A descriptive cross-sectional study from 1° January 2011 and 29th February 2012. 2232 results of INR of 319 patients were assessed. 98550 days follow up. 44% (108) were men, 66% (211) women, average age 60.3 years, seven average visits/year, warfarin weekly dose of 29.8mg. The weekly dose has an inverse relationship with age; in patients under 45 years 37.9 mg., and in patients over 75 years, 22.1 mg. The TTR increased from 48 to 54%, respectively. Indications for anticoagulation: atrial fibrillation (AF) 38% (121), venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) 35% (112), prosthetic valves (PV) 17.5% (56) and emboli or arterial thrombosis (EA) 9.5% (30). 228 patients (71%) had a TTR average of 64%. (40-100), INR greater than 5 in 2.24% and INR less than 1.5 in 10.9%. Minor bleeding: 16 patients (5%), major bleeding occurred in two patients (0.65%) and oneadverse event of embolism (0.32%). The factors associated with low TTR were male gender, venous thromboembolic disease, use of generic warfarin, age less than 55 years, time shorter than one year and less than five visits. Conclusions: TTR is a useful measurement to establish the efficacy of anticoagulant therapy with warfarin. The goal of a 60% TTR ensures fewer adverse effects from bleeding or thrombosis. A low number of visits and anticoagulation less than a year are associated with low TTR. (ActaMed Colomb 2016; 41: 42-48).

Lack of Association between Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Inherited Thrombophilia in a Group of Colombian Patients.

Studies have shown an association between recurrent pregnancy loss and inherited thrombophilia in Caucasian populations, but there is insufficient knowledge concerning triethnic populations such as the Colombian. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether inherited thrombophilia is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Methods. We conducted a case-control study of 93 patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (cases) and 206 healthy multiparous women (controls) in a Colombian subpopulation. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers of the inherited thrombophilias factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Activated protein C resistance and plasma levels of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S were also measured. Results. The frequency of thrombophilia-associated SNPs, activated protein C resistance, and anticoagulant protein deficiencies, was low overall, except for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T SNP. The differences between patients and controls had no statistical significance. Conclusion. Our study confirms the low prevalence of inherited thrombophilias in non-Caucasian populations and it is unlikely that the tested thrombophilias play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss in this Colombian population.

Incidencia del VIH en la Tuberculosis, en Armenia, Colombia / HIV incidence in cases of tuberculosis in Armenia, Colombia

La Tuberculosis (TBC) y el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) son patologías que se encuentran muy relacionadas debido a que la TBC es considerada como una de las enfermedades oportunistas del SIDA. Por lo tanto, cuando se investiga el resurgimiento de la TB, es de gran importancia epidemiológica tener en cuenta la influencia que puede tener en su incidencia la prevalencia del SIDA.En este trabajo se desarrolla un procedimiento, con el cual se establece, por medio de un modelo matemático, el efecto del VIH en la incidencia de la TBC en la población de Armenia Q. Los modelos matemáticos se relacionan utilizando un modelo de Función de Transferencia Lineal, lo cual implica desarrollar estimadores insesgados de mínima varianza para los parámetros de cada enfermedad, teniendo en cuenta que se dispone de información secundaria registrada en la Secretaría de Salud del municipio.La aplicación que se hace del modelo para la ciudad de Armenia permite concluir que los enfermos de Tuberculosis en tiempo presente son el resultado de los enfermos de Tuberculosis desde 4 períodos (trimestres) atrás y los enfermos de SIDA desde 2 períodos atrás incluyendo elpresente.El procedimiento que se desarrolla en este trabajo es aplicable a patologías que estén relacionadas.

Tuberculosis (TB) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are closely related diseases because TB is considered one of the opportunistic diseases for AIDS. When investigating the resurgence of TB it is very important epidemiologically to take into account the influence of AIDS prevalence on TB. This paper develops a procedure establishing HIV prevalence in TB for people in Armenia, Quindío, by using a mathematical model. This was done by building two deterministic models and relating them through a linear transfer function model. To parameters involved in these models had to be estimated to relate them; a technique was then built from unbiased estimators of minimum variance and secondary information for the parameters of each disease, taking into account the town's Secretariat of Health's secondary information. The model for Armenia led to concluding that tuberculosis resulted from people who had suffered from tuberculosis 4 periods (trimesters) ago and those sick from AIDS 2 periods ago, including the present. The procedure described in this work was seen to be applicable to the pathologies to which it is related.

[HIV incidence in cases of tuberculosis in Armenia, Colombia]. / Incidencia del VIH en la Tuberculosis, en Armenia, Colombia.

Tuberculosis (TB) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are closely related diseases because TB is considered one of the opportunistic diseases for AIDS. When investigating the resurgence of TB it is very important epidemiologically to take into account the influence of AIDS prevalence on TB. This paper develops a procedure establishing HIV prevalence in TB for people in Armenia, Quindío, by using a mathematical model. This was done by building two deterministic models and relating them through a linear transfer function model. To parameters involved in these models had to be estimated to relate them; a technique was then built from unbiased estimators of minimum variance and secondary information for the parameters of each disease, taking into account the town's Secretariat of Health's secondary information. The model for Armenia led to concluding that tuberculosis resulted from people who had suffered from tuberculosis 4 periods (trimesters) ago and those sick from AIDS 2 periods ago, including the present. The procedure described in this work was seen to be applicable to the pathologies to which it is related.

The significance of a positive second trimester serum screen for trisomy 18.

OBJECTIVES: We designed this study to estimate the proportion of fetuses in pregnancies with positive second trimester serum screens for trisomy 18 who actually have trisomy 18, to estimate the proportion of women with trisomy 18 who have a negative serum screen, and to assess the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of trisomy 18. METHODS: Retrospective study of two cohorts of pregnant women in 2004 and 2005: (1) those with a second trimester serum screen positive for trisomy 18 and (2) those with fetuses having trisomy 18. RESULTS: There were 93 women with positive serum screens for trisomy 18. Of these, only three had a fetus with trisomy 18. There were five other cases of trisomy 18, three of which had a negative second trimester serum screen for trisomy 18. All fetuses with trisomy 18 had multiple major structural abnormalities detected on targeted genetic sonography. CONCLUSIONS: A positive second trimester serum screen has a poor sensitivity and poor prediction for trisomy 18. Trisomy 18 is highly unlikely if a woman with a positive screen for trisomy 18 has no fetal abnormalities detected on targeted genetic sonography. Women with a positive second trimester serum screen for trisomy 18 should be offered genetic sonography, and the practice of routine amniocentesis for all women with a positive screen should be discouraged when targeted genetic sonography is available.

The first homozygous family for prothrombin G20210A polymorphism reported in Latin America.

The 20210A allele of the prothrombin gene is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. In this study, we described manifestations of thrombosis in four generations of a Colombian family, with four 20210A homozygous carriers and six 20210G/A heterozygous carriers for polymorphism as well as unrelated participants from the same population. The levels of prothrombin in the 20210A homozygote patients were higher than in the normal 20210G homozygotes (133 + 11% and 92.3 + 12.4%, respectively, P < .01) and the 20210G/A heterozygotes (133 + 11% vs. 114.8 + 24%, P < .05). About 2 out of 4 20210A homozygotes and 5 out of 6 20210G/A heterozygous members of this family did not have venous thromboembolism or any other thrombotic manifestation even though one of them had been exposed to thrombotic risk factors. Thus, we posit the effect of 20210A on the thrombotic phenotype in this family seems to be weak.

Curso clínico y supervivencia en embolia pulmonar. Resultados del registro multicéntrico colombiano (EMEPCO) / Clinical course and survival in pulmonary embolism. Results of the Colombian multicentric registry (EMEPCO)

Introducción: la embolia pulmonar (EP) se asocia con morbilidad y mortalidad sustanciales, sin embargo existe muy poca información proveniente de países latinoamericanos. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron el describir el curso clínico y la supervivencia de una cohorte con EP, e identificar factores asociados con la mortalidad hospitalaria.Pacientes y método: estudio de cohorte en instituciones de cuatro ciudades colombianas. Pacientes adultos con EP por criterios previamente establecidos, fueron invitados a participar. La información sobre factores de riesgo, cuadro clínico, exámenes, tratamientos, y estado vital al alta hospitalaria y hasta por 12 meses, fue recogida sistemáticamente por personal entrenado.Resultados: el total de pacientes incluidos fue 251, con edad promedio de 65 años (DE 18); 66 porciento fueron mujeres. La frecuencia de trombo-profilaxis fue 22 porciento. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue 14.8 porciento (IC95 porciento: 11 – 19 porciento). Factores asociados con mortalidad hospitalaria incluyeron hipotensión (RR: 2.57; IC95 porciento: 1.4 – 4.73) y fractura de cadera (RR: 2.55; IC95 porciento: 1.34-4.83). La supervivencia a las 52 semanas poshospitalización fue 85 porciento (IC95 porciento: 79-90 porciento).Conclusiones: en esta cohorte colombiana, la EP estuvo asociada con mortalidad sustancial temprana y tardía. La mayor mortalidad en pacientes con fractura de cadera refuerza la necesidad de uso rutinario de estrategias de tromboprofilaxis efectivas y seguras.

Paciente con deficiencia de proteína C y múltiples trombosis: reporte de caso / A patient with C protein deficiency and multiple thromboses. Case report

Se debe considerar un estado de hipercoagulabilidad primaria o trombofilia heredada en los pacientes con enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. La sospecha clínica se debe dirigir a los pacientes con presentación temprana, recurrente, familiar o en sitios anatómicos poco usuales. En este reporte se describe el caso de un paciente con déficit de proteína C de la coagulación, quien desarrolló trombosis venosa profunda del miembro inferior derecho a los 36 años y un año después, trombosis venosa profunda del miembro inferior izquierdo. A la edad de 51 años presentó trombosis de vasos mesentéricos que condujo a una resección intestinal extensa lo que obligó a un trasplante de intestino delgado. Su padre había presentado trombosis venosa de los miembros inferiores. Se descartó la presencia asociada de la mutación G20210A de la protrombina y del Factor V Leiden. Hasta donde sabemos, es el primer caso de deficiencia de proteína C de la coagulación informado en la literatura colombiana.

Inherited thrombophilias are an important group of diseases that should be taken into account in the study of patients with thromboembolic disease, particularly in those whose clinical presentation includes frequent and recurrent thrombotic episodes at young age, in unusual sites, and a familial history of thrombosis. We report the case of a patient with C protein deficiency which developed deep venous thromboses of both legs when he was 36 and 37 years old. At 51 years of age he suffered from mesenteric thrombosis requiring surgical treatment and small intestine transplantation. His father had deep venous thrombosis. This is the first report of C protein deficiency in the Colombian literature. Other inherited thrombophilias such as the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene and Factor V Leiden were absent.

Resultado de la aplicación del protocolo de manejo de pacientes con cáncer de ovario en el Hospital Universitario del Valle en el período Enero 94 - Diciembre 97

Para asegurar el cumplimiento de los protocolos establecidos en el manejo de las pacientes oncológicas es indispensable una concienca colectiva de apoyo de todos los estamentos que directa o indirectamente rodean al paciente; permitiendo que se cumplan cada uno de los objetivos indispensables para poder llegar a un beneficio común el cual no es otro que la calida de vida del paciente