ABSTRACT
Home fluoride regimens have long been used to reduce the amount of demineralization adjacent to orthodontic appliances. In the absence of patient compliance, another method of applying the fluoride must be used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the ability of a fluoride varnish, Duraflor, to directly inhibit demineralization of enamel surrounding orthodontic brackets. Brackets were bonded to 36 extracted human canines and premolars with a traditional composite resin and randomly assigned to three equal groups of twelve. Group 1 served as the control with no topical application after bonding. Group 2 was treated with a single application of a nonfluoridated placebo varnish. Group 3 was treated with a single application of Duraflor. All groups were cycled in an artificial caries challenge for 1 hour two times daily for 37 days and were brushed with a medium bristled toothbrush to simulate mechanical wear of the varnish. Demineralization of enamel was evaluated in longitudinal buccolingual tooth sections using polarized light microscopy. Both average depth and area of demineralization were measured with a sonic digitizer. ANOVA (P
Subject(s)
Dental Cavity Lining/methods , Fluorides, Topical/administration & dosage , Orthodontic Brackets , Tooth Demineralization/prevention & control , Analysis of Variance , Bicuspid , Composite Resins , Cuspid , Dental Bonding , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Fluorides, Topical/pharmacology , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Random AllocationABSTRACT
A case of anterior open bite secondary to occlusal splint therapy in the adult is described. The occlusal splint covered all maxillary teeth, including the third molars. A brief discussion of the findings and treatment considerations is presented.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion/etiology , Occlusal Splints/adverse effects , Facial Pain/etiology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/therapyABSTRACT
Twenty-one-hour melatonin plasma profiles were studied in 15 normal elderly volunteers from the community, and eight who had been in hospital for more than six weeks and who had not been exposed to strong natural lighting. The hospital group had significantly higher daytime plasma melatonin levels, an earlier nocturnal rise, and the timing of their secretory profiles was more variable. These results suggest that currently used artificial and supplementary natural lighting may not be sufficient to suppress melatonin secretion adequately during daylight hours nor act efficiently to entrain day/night secretion of melatonin in a physiological circadian manner. Raised melatonin levels by day and variable secretory profiles at night may account for certain mood and sleep disorders observed in institutionalized people.
Subject(s)
Aging/blood , Hospitalization , Long-Term Care , Melatonin/blood , Social Environment , Aged , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Humans , Lighting , New Zealand , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
This study compared the relative ease of use of the metered dose inhaler, the FO2 Inhalator and the Diskhaler by elderly subjects in a randomised cross over trial using placebo inhalants. Thirty-one nonasthmatic volunteers (average age 79.6 years) who lived independently in two residential homes for the elderly were recruited. One failed to complete the study. Subjects were taught to use the three inhaler devices in a randomly assigned sequence with a two week period elapsing between each training session. The Diskhaler device took longest to learn (16.5 minutes) and the Inhalator was significantly easier to learn to use than the other two (x2 = 40.3, p = 0.001). The Inhalator was preferred by 64%, metered dose inhaler by 25% and Diskhaler by 11% (p = 0.03). Problems in the use of each are described. The study found that the Inhalator was simple to use and was reliably self administered by older people. The metered dose inhaler was simple to use only for a minority who could accurately coordinate actuation and inhalation. The Diskhaler had no advantages in this age group.
Subject(s)
Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Learning , Male , Psychomotor Performance , Random Allocation , Self Administration , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Carcinoma of the lung, fairly common in middle aged men, may be silent and have its first manifestation as a metastatic lesion. In 25% to 35% of such cases the metastases are to the nervous system. Management is dependent upon many factors but satisfactory results can be obtained with proper screening. Three cases of nervous system metastases are presented-one occurred in an unusual site; one had an unusual clinical syndrome and one had prolonged latency.
