Giant cell tumor of bone and secondary osteoarthritis.

Giant cell tumor of bone is a commonly encountered aggressive epiphyseal bone tumor, most often treated surgically. The natural history and presentation are classically described but the histopathology is poorly understood. Intralesional curettage is the mainstay of treatment, but there is significant variation in the use of adjuvant and cavity filling modalities. No gold standard has been agreed upon for treatment, and a variety of techniques are currently in use. Given its location, secondary osteoarthritis is a known long-term complication. This review examines the natural history of giant cell tumors, treatment options and complications, and subsequent development of osteoarthritis. Arthroplasty is usually indicated for secondary osteoarthritis although data is limited on its efficacy. Further directions will likely center on improved pharmacological treatments as well as improved arthroplasty techniques.

Successful pancreas transplantation alone is associated with excellent self-identified health score and glucose control: A retrospective study from a high-volume center in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of pancreas transplantation are often difficult to measure. Here, we sought to determine the difference in quality of life for diabetic patients with and without a functional pancreas transplant alone (PTA). METHODS: Pancreas transplant alone cases from 1993 to 2015 were considered. An IRB-approved survey inclusive of 15 questions spanning four domains was employed. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and the T test were used where appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 137 PTAs were performed during the study period. Of those reached (n = 32), 94% responded to the survey. Self-reported health scores were better (2.1 vs 3.0) for those with functioning pancreata (n = 18) vs those with a non-functional pancreas (n = 14), respectively (P = .036). Those with a functional pancreas had a HgbA1c of 5.3, vs 7.7 for a non-functional pancreas (P = .016). Significant hypoglycemia was reported in two of 18 with a functional transplant vs nine of 14 patients with a failed transplant (P = .003). Daily frustration with blood sugar affecting quality of life was significantly higher for patients with non-functional pancreas grafts (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Pancreas transplantation alone is associated with better glucose control than insulin. In addition, recipients of functional PTAs have improved quality of life and better overall health scores than those with failed grafts.

Mineralocorticoid Antagonists as Adjuncts in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the role of MR antagonists as an adjunct in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who have chronic subretinal fluid. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were patients with a diagnosis of neovascular AMD, who had completed at least six anti-VEGF injections, and had persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Treatment with oral eplerenone was initiated and dose titrated according to protocol. RESULTS: 23 patients were included in the study (mean age = 54.6, 52.2% female, 47.8% male). 13 of the 23 patients had predominantly chronic subretinal fluid without large PEDs. In this subgroup, mean initial central macular thickness (CMT) prior to starting oral eplerenone was 305.3 µm, and mean injection interval was 40.25 days. Mean final CMT after at least 3 months of adjunctive eplerenone treatment was 240.6 µm and mean injection interval with adjunctive treatment was 54.61 days. Mean extension of the injection interval after commencing oral eplerenone was 14.36 days. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest oral MR antagonists may have a role as an adjunctive treatment in neovascular AMD, and may be particularly useful in dehydration of the subretinal space in the setting of chronic subretinal fluid. Further research is needed in randomized controlled trials to elucidate the precise role of oral MR antagonists in neovascular AMD.