Subject(s)
Narcolepsy/history , Terminology as Topic , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , HumansABSTRACT
Henry Dale received the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine in 1936 with Otto Loewi for their research which proved chemical synaptic transmission in the peripheral nervous system. Subsequently there was an extended period of controversy between advocates of chemical and electrical transmission before the chemical process was established in the central and peripheral nervous system. This debate and its final resolution was one of the most crucial in the history of neuroscience in the 20th century.
Subject(s)
Neurochemistry/history , Neurophysiology/history , Synaptic Transmission/physiology , History, 19th Century , History, 20th CenturySubject(s)
Awards and Prizes , Cesarean Section/history , Hysterectomy/history , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Italy , PregnancyABSTRACT
Henry Woltman became the first neurologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota at a time when there were few practitioners working full-time in this field in North America. The remarkable growth in the neurology section at Mayo mirrored the expansion that occurred in the Mayo Clinic in the early 20th century. His leadership was instrumental in establishing neurology as a viable specialty, distinct from psychiatry and aligned more closely with internal medicine. The distinctive features he instituted included an original scoring and notation system, and a close collaboration with neurosurgery. He is also remembered for Woltman's sign, the finding of slow relaxation of the muscle when the tendon reflex is elicited in hypothyroidism.
Subject(s)
Neurology/history , Neurosurgery/history , History of Medicine , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Minnesota , Specialization , United StatesSubject(s)
Famous Persons , Hospitals/history , Physicians/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , MinnesotaABSTRACT
One of the most important experiments in neurophysiology in the twentieth century took place in the physiology laboratories at the University of Otago, New Zealand, in August 1951. The group of researchers led by John Eccles convincingly established that synaptic transmission in the central nervous system was a chemical process. This work was the culmination of a long debate between advocates of electrical and chemical transmission. The conclusions overturned Eccles's previous theories of an electrical "Golgi-cell" mechanism and represent a pivotal moment in the history of neuroscience.
Subject(s)
Neuroanatomy/history , Neurophysiology/history , Synaptic Transmission/physiology , Academic Medical Centers/history , Animals , Australia , Cerebellum/cytology , Cerebellum/physiology , Cooperative Behavior , Electrophysiology/methods , History, 20th Century , Humans , International Educational Exchange/history , New Zealand , United StatesSubject(s)
Gynecology/history , Obstetrics/history , Philosophy, Medical/history , Female , History, Ancient , HumansSubject(s)
Physicians, Women/history , Female , France , History, Ancient , Humans , Roman World/historyABSTRACT
Parthian coins depict a nodule on the face of many of their kings over succeeding generations. Loosely described as a wart in the literature, the nature of these lesions has been the subject of speculation. The accepted view is that they were unlikely to be simply a cosmetic or symbolic feature. Evidence suggests that they may represent the cutaneous tumors of Neurofibromatosis. The hereditary nature and physical appearance of these round nodules are consistent with this diagnosis. Although final proof may be lacking, these prominent facial features are worthy of discussion even though the matter may not be settled with certainty.
