[Mechanisms of metabolic changes after in-line filtration of erythrocytes]. / Mechanismen der metabolischen Veränderungen nach einer In-Line-Filtration von roten Blutzellen.

BACKGROUND: The reasons for the improved RBC storage after in-line filtration are not fully understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Red blood cell concentrates were in-line filtered and stored for 6 weeks at 4 degrees C in SAGM. Parameter 2,3-DPG, p50, density, cell electrophoresis, pH were measured. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: The obtained results may explain the metabolic findings: Cell retention (during filtration older, rigide RBC are retained in the filter- a relative increase of younger RBC); changes in RBC membrane permeability (a changed electrophoretic mobility is attributed to bound RBC membrane proteins to the filter material); blood cell depletion (a high depletion efficiency prevents toxic influences of degenerating/disintegrating WBC and PLT); release of substances from filter and blood bag material (during passage of anticoagulated blood some compounds may be released in ppm concentrations - the density of in-line filtered RBC is higher than unfiltered RBC after filtration procedure and hypothermic storage).

Improved red cell quality after erythroplasmapheresis with MCS-3P.

The cell separator MCS-3P is an apheresis system offering the flexibility to collect standardized red blood cells, plasma, and/or platelets from one donor. Two different programs were used for the red cell apheresis--RBCP (collection of one unit of red cells and two units of plasma) and RBCPS (one unit of red cells and one unit of plasma). The quality of the red cell concentrates (RCC resuspended in SAG-Mannitol) during the storage time of 42 days was measured by biochemical (ATP, 2,3-DPG, pH, free Hb, free potassium, glucose, lactose, p50, hemoglobin derivatives) and rheological (morphological index, filtration/rigidity index) parameters. The donation time with 53 donors was 20 min for 355 ml RCC-SAGM and 440 ml plasma and 7 min for 335 ml RCC-SAGM and 239 ml plasma. The donor tolerance was analogous to plateletpheresis or plasmapheresis. Twenty units of the RCC-SAGM were in-line filtered within 6 or 24 hours after donation. The results obtained for red blood cell storage are at least as good as with standard collection (free hemoglobin, free potassium, glucose, lactose, hemolysis) or better (ATP, 2,3-DPG, p50, hemoglobin derivatives, filtration/rigidity index) owing to prevention of collection lesion. All blood preparations were sterile after storage (red cells 42 days, plasma after freezing). The erythroplasmapheresis with MCS-3P can be especially recommended for application in an autologous blood program because the application of autologous blood donation in hospitals is often limited by the preconditions of component separation. The erythroplasmapheresis data with MCS-3P are encouraging for the development of a new blood collection methodology.

[4-Log leukocyte depletion of erythrocyte concentrates--a comparison with 3 other filters]. / 4-Log-Leukozytendepletion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten--ein Vergleich von 3 verschiedenen Filtern.

Whole blood (WB) and SAGM-resuspended red cell concentrates (RCC) were leucocyte-depleted 1 h after donation by filtration using BF 4 (PALL), Sepacell RS 200 (Asahi Med.) and Bio R01 Plus (Biotrans). We compared the handling of the filter system, focusing routine blood bank practice, filtration efficiency [residual white cell count; flow cytometry (Ortho Cytoron) and Nageotte chamber] and the loss of red cells. Spontaneous filling was found to be an advantage of the Bio R01 Plus system, whereas the BPF 4 and the RS 200 have to be filled by pressure. The filtrations were of similar duration, even those of WB and resuspended RCC. Red cell loss was found to be 10-15% on RCC higher than on WB (7-10%) and varied between the filters used: BPF 4 < Bio R01 Plus < RS 200. The residual white cell count on WB was 1.2-5.8 x 10(6) (RS 200 < Bio R01 Plus < BPF 4) and on RCC was 0.5-3.0 x 10(5) (RS 200 < BPF 4 < Bio R01 Plus). The filters used are highly effective (4-log depletion on RCC) even on fresh WB and are therefore potential in-line filters.

[In-line-filtration of erythrocyte concentrates using the Leukotrap-RC system]. / In-line-Filtration von Erythrozytenkonzentraten mittels Leukotrap-RC-System.

'In-line filtration' was performed on whole blood (WB) of 12 healthy donors. The WB was drawn into the triple-bag Leukotrap-RC system. Six red cell concentrates (RCC) were filtrated 1 h after donation either with or without buffy-coat and stored 35 days in AS-3. We measured the loss of red cells, the residual white cell count (Nageotte chamber), platelet count in fresh frozen plasma (FFP); 2,3-DPG, K+, Hbe, pH, O2Hb and pO50. The system was easy to handle but needed circular centrifugation holders because the filter is placed and fixed just at the top of the bags during centrifugation. RCC without buffy coat led to a faster filtration (15 vs, 38 min) and to an improved FFP quality (platelet count 23 vs, 54 Gpt/l). The leucocyte removal rate of the integrated PALL-RC-350 was similar, residual white cell count less than 3 x 10(6), in both preparations. All storage parameters were found within the normal range except a significant increase of O2Hb in filtrated red cells compared with the unfiltered control.

[Haemonetics MCS-3 pump system: improved production quality in thrombocytapheresis with a discontinuous cell separator]. / Haemonetics-MCS-3-Pumpen-System: Verbesserte Produktqualität bei Thrombozytapheresen mit diskontinuierlichem Zellseparator.

With the new cell separator MCS-3P (Haemonetics) platelet concentrates were collected in 90 min with an average yield of 3 x 10(11) platelets in 280 ml (53 donations). The most important advantage is the reduced residual leukocyte contamination of approximately 2.4 x 10(6).

[Metabolic and rheologic changes in long-term hypothermia of erythrocyte concentrates over 15 weeks]. / Metabolische und rheologische Veränderungen bei der hypothermen Langzeitlagerung von Erythrozytenkonzentraten über 15 Wochen.

With a multiple washing procedure in a chloride ion-free citrate-phosphate-glucose-adenine additive solution or with storage of red blood cells in a large volume of this solution, erythrocytes can be stored for 15 weeks at 4 degrees C. After 12 weeks' storage in this chloride-free solution the red blood cell parameters (2,3-DPG, glucose, lactose) measured are as good as stored erythrocytes resuspended in SAG-Mannitol after 21 days. Rheological parameters (morphology, filterability) show a maintenance of deformability of such preserved cells up to 84 days of storage. The preservation of erythrocytes by this method has the advantage that beside the hypothermic long-term storage (potential second aHIV screening of blood donors) the blood is of better quality in the first weeks of storage.

[Rejuvenation of autologous blood preserved by washing in glucose- adenine- phosphate- and citrate-containing solution]. / Rejuvenation von Eigenblutkonserven durch Waschen mit glukose-adenin-phosphat-citrathaltiger Lösung.

Outdated red cell concentrates (RCC-SAGM) were washed with a chloride-free, glucose-adenine-phosphate-citrate preservation solution. After resuspension of the red cells in this solution a hypothermic storage for additional 63 days was performed. Quality parameters (2,3-DPG, glucose, lactose, free hemoglobin, pH, chloride, pO50, shape quality index, filtration index) of the preserved red blood cells became normal within 7-11 days after the rejuvenation procedure. The data prove that a rejuvenation of outdated blood by a simple washing procedure allows a post-storage time of 21 days.

[Mechanical donation of whole blood simultaneous extraction of concentrated erythrocytes and fresh plasma using MCS-3P]. / Maschinelle Vollblutspende mit gleichzeitiger Gewinnung von Erythrozytenkonzentrat und Frischplasma mittels MCS-3P.

The new 'Multi-Component System-3 pump' (MCS-3P) is an apheresis system giving the flexibility to collect red blood cells, plasma, and platelets in one step. The objective was to perform an automated donation of red cells and plasma (erythroplasmapheresis), collecting in less than 20 min 350 ml red cells including 80 ml of SAG-M and 400 ml plasma. For this study we have evaluated 32 donations. The results obtained for red blood cells (42 days) and plasma (after freezing) are as good as with standard collection (parameter such as Hb, Hk, MCV, MCHC, 2,3-DPG, ATP, free Hb and potassium, glucose, lactose, protein).