Human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness within a cervical cancer screening programme: cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an HPV vaccination programme in reducing the risk of cervical abnormalities identified at subsequent screening. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using administrative health data. SETTING: General population of Ferrara Province, Italy. POPULATION: Female residents born in 1986-1993 and participating in the organized cervical screening programme in 2011-2018, who were eligible for HPV vaccination in catch-up cohorts. METHODS: Logistic regression to evaluate the potential association between abnormal cervical cytology and one, two, three or at least one dose of HPV vaccine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cervical abnormalities, as predicted by low-grade or high-grade cytology, by number of vaccine doses, stratified by age. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 7785 women (mean age 27.5 years, SD 2.3). Overall, 391 (5.0%) were vaccinated with ≥1 dose and 893 (11.5%) had abnormal cytology. Women receiving at least one vaccine dose were significantly less likely to have an abnormal cytology (adjusted odds ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.79). Similar results were observed for women receiving a single dose, for both bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines, and applying buffer periods (excluding cytological outcomes within 1 month, 6 months and 1 year of the first dose). CONCLUSIONS: In the context of an organised cervical screening programme in Italy, catch-up HPV vaccination almost halved the risk of cytological abnormalities. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Among Ferrara women, vaccination against human papillomavirus halved the risk of screening cervical abnormalities.

Synthesis of quaternary α-perfluoroalkyl lactams via electrophilic perfluoroalkylation.

Efficient protocols enabling the rapid installation of trifluoromethyl, as well as further functionalized fluoroalkyl groups by an electrophilic perfluoroalkylation of lactam-derived ketene silyl amides (KSAs) using hypervalent iodine reagents 1 and 2 have been developed.

P-Trifluoromethyl ligands derived from Josiphos in the Ir-catalysed hydrogenation of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline hydrochlorides.

The synthesis of mono P-trifluoromethyl and therefore P-stereogenic Xyliphos-derived ligands 5 and their application in the Ir-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of 1-substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium species (DHIQ) are reported. The ligands were prepared following previous procedures involving the reaction of a bistrifluoromethylphosphine with lithiated (R)-Ugi amine 1. Chloroiridium(i) cyclooctadiene precatalysts containing these new partially electron-poor ligands 9 were found to be poorly active in the hydrogenation of free 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline 12a. However, the corresponding hydrochloride 12a·HCl was smoothly reduced at 55-60 °C and 100 bar hydrogen pressure. The (SP)-configured ligand (SP)-5 yielded significantly higher enantioselectivity in hydrogenation experiments than its P-stereoisomeric counterpart (RP)-5. These new ligands were subsequently applied in the hydrogenation of a series of different 1-substituted 3,4-DHIQ chlorides 12a-l·HCl. Good to excellent enantioselectivity was observed for substrates bearing relatively large substituents in position 1, reaching 96% ee for 1-Ph-DHIQ chloride 12a·HCl without the help of any additives. Furthermore, an interesting counter ion effect was found with chloride being the best and hexafluorophosphate being very detrimental to enantioselectivity.

Metastasized Leydig cell tumor in a dog.

We present the clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of an 11-year old intact male Fox Terrier with a malignant Leydig cell tumor of the right testicle, which metastasized to the skeletal musculature of the left hind limb. The primary tumor and the metastasis were resected with narrow margins. The dog was treated with metronomic chemotherapy using thalidomid and dyclophosphamide. Local recurrence at the site of the metastasis and a pulmonary metastasis were present 30 months after surgery. The dog was euthanized.

Radiographic and MRI characteristics of lumbar disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis and spondylosis deformans in dogs.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinical signs, describe lesions and differences in the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of spinal new bone formations classified as disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis and/or spondylosis deformans on radiographs and compare degeneration status of the intervertebral discs using the Pfirrmann scale. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 18 dogs presented with spinal disorders using information from radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. RESULTS: All dogs were found to be affected with both disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis and spondylosis deformans. Neurological signs due to foraminal stenosis associated with disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis were found in two dogs. Spondylosis deformans was associated with foraminal stenosis and/or disc protrusion in 15 cases. The Pfirrmann score on magnetic resonance imaging was significantly higher in spondylosis deformans compared with disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis and signal intensity of new bone due to disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis was significantly higher compared to spondylosis deformans. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Differences between disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis and spondylosis deformans found on magnetic resonance imaging contribute to an increased differentiation between the two entities. Clinically relevant lesions in association with disseminated idiopathic spinal hyperostosis were rare compared to those seen with spondylosis deformans.

Cervical cancer screening in the Ferrara Local Health Authority catchment area.

Since 1996, the Emilia-Romagna Region has been promoting screening programmes for cervical cancer, selecting resident women aged 25-64 as a target population. This analysis concerns a second round of screening performed in the city of Ferrara and its province. A total of 103,971 women were invited to be screened, but only 55.51% of them arrived on the day of the scheduled screening. We therefore decided to investigate the reasons for this lack of participation using preliminary findings from the local screening program registry. These indicated that non-attendance was related to variables such as area of residence and age, and significant differences were observed between localities, with a consistently greater participation in industrial neighbourhoods and their surroundings than in rural areas. In order to elucidate these observations further, a cross-sectional survey, placing special emphasis on setting, area of residence, age and level of education, was performed by structured telephone questionnaire, in order to identify the reasons behind non-attendance. Approximately 94% of the contacted women agreed to be interviewed, thereby demonstrating that a telephone interview is a valid means of collecting data in such cases. It should be noted that, among the women unwilling to respond to the questionnaire, a marked increase in percentage was observed for those resident in rural areas, of whom approximately 50% fell into the under-40 age group. The results of the survey indicated, as demonstrated by several previous studies, that age and the area of residence are both determining factors in the decision or not to participate in a screening programme. It was also observed that women who had completed the lower and upper secondary school education were shown to pay greater attention to health matters than those who had not.

[Umbilical cord IgE: a test for sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of atopy?]. / IgE cordonali: test di sensibilità, specificità e predittività di atopia?

Total IgE cord serum levels were measured in 200 newborns in the Hospital of Viadana-Bozzolo and familial allergic conditions were investigated in all the cases. In a 6 month follow up study attention was focused on the development of atopic symptoms. The sensibility, specificity and predictive value of the total IgE cord serum levels are discussed and the introducing of preventive measures in the at risk newborns is also questioned.

[Bacteriological findings in a group of students from designated health sector]. / Indagine batteriologica su di un gruppo di scolari di un comitato sanitario di zona.

The results of a pharyngeal swab bacteriological examination carried on all first-year primary schoolchildren in a local health area are presented. Beta-haemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus coagulase + and Corynebacterium diphteriae percentages are illustrated, together with observations of a prophylactic and curative nature.