The effect of pomegranate seed oil and grapeseed oil on cis-9, trans-11 CLA (rumenic acid), n-3 and n-6 fatty acids deposition in selected tissues of chickens.

The aim of this study was to determine whether diet modification with different doses of grapeseed oil or pomegranate seed oil will improve the nutritive value of poultry meat in terms of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, as well as rumenic acid (cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid) content in tissues diversified in lipid composition and roles in lipid metabolism. To evaluate the influence of applied diet modification comprehensively, two chemometric methods were used. Results of cluster analysis demonstrated that pomegranate seed oil modifies fatty acids profile in the most potent way, mainly by an increase in rumenic acid content. Principal component analysis showed that regardless of type of tissue first principal component is strongly associated with type of deposited fatty acid, while second principal component enables identification of place of deposition-type of tissue. Pomegranate seed oil seems to be a valuable feed additive in chickens' feeding.

Fatty acid profile of new promising unconventional plant oils for cosmetic use.

OBJECTIVE: Oils have been used on the cosmetic application since antiquity. With the growing interest in cosmetic formulation of strictly natural origin there has been also an increased interest in the use of alternative oils obtained from nuts, herbs, fruit and vegetable seeds. Due to lack of good scientific reports on the cosmetic plant oils available in Poland, the aim of our research was to characterize fatty acids (FA) profile and oxidative quality of selected unconventional plant oils, which are used as cosmetics or potential cosmetic ingredients. METHODS: Oils were purchased from cosmetic health shops in Warsaw (Poland); FA profile was analysed by gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection. Peroxide index (PI), content of hydroperoxides (PV) and free fatty acids (AV) were also determined. RESULTS: Oxidative quality and FA composition of examined oils varied widely among analyzed oils. Cluster analysis revealed three clusters. Clusters S1 and S3 include only one oil (Perilla and sea buckthorn, respectively). Perilla oil is characterized by relatively small content of both saturated FA (8.5%) and monounsaturated FA (14.2%) and much higher amount of polyunsaturated FA (73.5%) whereas in sea buckthorn these proportions are opposite (saturated FA and monounsaturated FA - 33.5% and 51.0% respectively, and the lowest amount of polyunsaturated FA - 5.2%). In cluster S2 two sub-clusters were distinguished and the content of linoleic (p = 0.0015), α-linolenic (p = 0.0092) and oleic (p = 0.0015) acid caused this distinction. PI ranged from 8.9 in sea buckthorn oil to 135 in Perilla oil. Perilla oil and raspberry seed oil were also characterized by the highest PV (225 ± 14.9 mEq O/kg oil and 232 ± 13.8 mEq O/kg oil, respectively), whereas the lowest PV was determined for walnut oil (0.82 ± 0.18 mEq O/kg oil) and carrot seed oil (0.87 ± 0.21 mEq O/kg oil) oils. CONCLUSION: FA composition of cosmetic oils in combination with data concerning their oxidative quality, is very important for determining their safe and effective use. It is very important to standardize and test the FA content in commercially available oils of cosmetic use.

Microstructure of electrodeposited NiFe/Cu multilayers.

NiFe/Cu multilayer films have been electrodeposited potentiostatically on (001)-oriented Si and polycrystalline Cu substrates by a single bath technique. Standard error of mean and energy dispersive X-ray studies of single NiFe(Cu) layers allow us to establish the right deposition parameters for NiFe and Cu sublayer. Standard error of mean results reveal the layered structure of deposits for relatively thick bilayer thickness (ca. approximately 200 nm). The modulated structure of NiFe/Cu multilayers with extremely thin bilayer thickness (nominal period Lambda= 8 nm) was investigated by transmission electron microscope techniques. A columnar structure of the deposit with column diameter in the range from 10 to 30 nm was observed. These results are comparable with X-ray diffraction measurements of crystallites size obtained by Scherer equation. The line scans acquired using EDS confirmed the layered structure of the deposit, but pointed towards possibility of intermixing of species from alternating sublayers especially in case of those with finer period.

The effect of plant and fish fat on the content of free and total malondialdehyde and vitamin E in livers of young and adult rats.

The MDA synthesis was investigated in male Wistar rats which were given various fats, such as soybean, fish, and evening primrose oils, as well as mixture of evening primrose and fish oils. Received results show that there is a clear correlation between the kind and quantity of PUFA present in the diet and possibilities of synthesis of free or protein bounded MDA. The animals' age was possitively correlated with these alterations.

Malondialdehyde formation in liver mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of vitamin E- and selenium-deficient rats as a function of alpha-tocopherol level: the effect of treatment in vitro with iron.

Weanling rats were given diets with adequate vitamin E and selenium or deprived of one or the other or both, nutrients. After 28 days, liver mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were prepared and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and selenium measured. alpha-Tocopherol fell by eight-fold in the doubly deficient rats and selenium fell three-fold. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was found to be undetectable by a sensitive HPLC method. The fractions were subjected to peroxidative stress in in vitro using 0.5 mM Fe2+/10 mM ADP, and MDA and alpha-T were measured at intervals during 30 min. The results showed that in the mitochondrial fractions there was a lag time of at least 2 min before peroxidation became significant, during which time most of the alpha-T was consumed. In the microsomal fraction the lag phase was very short prior to the establishment of a linear rate of peroxidation, although little alpha-T was used up. It was concluded that the mitochondrial fraction withstood the peroxidative challenge better than the microsomal fraction even though the initial level of alpha-T in the microsomal fraction was about double that in the mitochondrial fraction. Selenium deficiency had no effect on the length of the lag phase of the fractions which therefore appears to be a characteristic of mitochondrial or microsomal fractions.

[Activation of the fibrinolytic system following subcutaneous administration and inhalation of heparin]. / Aktywacja ukladu fibrynolitycznego po podskórnym i wziewnym podaniu heparyny.

Heparin was administered to 113 patients at risk of thrombosis classified to abdominal surgery either alone (subcutaneously or in inhalation) or in combination with anabolic steroid (nandrolone). No pharmaco-prophylaxis was used in 10 patients. On the day of surgery, heparin activated plasma fibrinolytic activity, prior to an introduction to anesthesia. Measurements of euglobulins clot lysis have shown an increase in endogenous fibrinolytic activity dependent and independent on Hageman's factor and an increase in exogenous fibrinolysis, tested after venous stasis was produced. Heparin had profibrinolytic activity, stimulating plasminogen activators in the blood plasma without the signs of hyperplasminemia. Fibrinolytic system response was the same following subcutaneous injection and heparin inhalations. Administration of heparin combined with anabolic steroid has no additional effect on plasma fibrinolytic activity.

[Continuous intravenous infusion versus intermittent administration of streptokinase in patients with deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity]. / Ciagly wlew dozylny i przerywane stosowanie streptokinazy u chorych na zakrzepice zyl glebokich konczyn dolnych.

In a multicenter randomized trial, the efficacy and safety of two streptokinase (SK) dosage regimens have been evaluated in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis of inferior limbs. Twenty-nine patients received SK by a continuous intravenous infusion (250,000 IU as initial dose, 100,000 IU/h as maintenance dose), and 26 patients were treated with intermittent SK administration (500,000 IU as initial dose, followed by 250,000 IU every 12 h). Thrombolytic therapy was continued for 4 days, then the patients received heparin for 5 days and oral anticoagulant for 3 months. The results of treatment as judged by phlebographic examinations were similar in the two groups. Complete, substantial or partial thrombolysis was achieved in 52% of patients in the continuous infusion group and in 58% of patients in the intermittent treatment group. During SK administration, major bleeding complications occurred in 6 patients treated by continuous infusion and in 2 of the second group. The results showed that the intermittent SK administration is as effective and safe as the method of continuous SK infusion in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.

[Effect of diet on lipid peroxidation in selected tissues and blood serum of rats]. / Wplyw diety na peroksydacje lipidów w wybranych tkankach oraz surowicy krwi szczurów.

The purpose of research was to determine the effect of the diet with supplemented qualitatively and quantitatively different fats on lipid peroxidation in rats. The experiment was performed on Wistar male rats. The diets supplemented with 10% and 20% rape oil, butter, lard, and two kinds of margarine were administered. Control diet contained 5.4% of fat. The concentration of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was determined in blood, brain, liver, kidney, lung, spleen and heart. It was found that diet supplemented with 10% of fat caused an increase of MDA level from 10 to 30% in the tissue and the diet with 20% of fat--40 to 100%. These values were dependent on the kind of tissue and fat. Diet supplemented with rape oil caused an increase of MDA level in heart 5 times as compared to control. In conclusion, the administration of the diet supplemented with fat intensify lipid peroxidation.

[Subcutaneous injections and intravenous infusion of sodium salt of heparin in the treatment of thrombosis of deep veins of the lower extremities]. / Podskórne wstrzykniecia i dozylny wlew soli sodowej heparyny w leczeniu zakrzepicy zyl glebokich konczyn dolnych.

Ninety-four patients with deep vein thrombosis of inferior limbs were randomly allocated to receive sodium heparin either by subcutaneous injections or by continuous intravenous infusion for six days. No significant difference was observed in the therapeutic efficiency as judged by phlebographic examinations and in rate of symptomatic pulmonary embolism between the two groups. There was one instance of major bleeding in the subcutaneous group. Minor bleedings occurred in 10 of the 48 patients treated with subcutaneous heparin and in 13 of the 46 patients receiving intravenous heparin. The results showed that subcutaneous injections of sodium heparin are as effective and safe as continuous intravenous infusion of this drug in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.

Induction of the expression of differentiation-related antigens on human colon carcinoma cells by stimulating protein kinase C.

This study was undertaken to determine whether the phorbol diester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), causes differentiation of the human colon carcinoma cell line, SW 48. Under routine growth conditions, the cells are round, have a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and lack cytoplasmic vacuoles. After treatment for 1 hour with 100 nmol/L of PMA at 37 degrees C, the cells assumed a spread-out, flasklike shape, displayed a low nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and exhibited cytoplasmic vacuoles. An inert but lipophilic phorbol diester, 4 phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, failed to induce these morphological changes. Cell kinetic studies showed that whereas SW 48 cells have a doubling time of 35 hours, those incubated with 100 nmol/L of PMA have a doubling time of 90 hours. Although the flow cytometry histograms were similar until 8 hours into the cell cycle, the PMA-treated cells ultimately spent proportionately less time in S and more in G2/M. Finally, under routine growth conditions, SW 48 cells express neither carcinoembryonic antigen nor G7 antigen. These antigens, which are present on the surface of well-differentiated cells, were expressed after treatment of SW 48 with PMA. The data suggest that PMA causes profound changes in structure, cell growth kinetics, and antigen expression, consistent with induction of differentiation of the cell line SW 48.

Fluctuation of thrombin-antithrombin III complex in patients with acute myocardial infarction: influence of low-dose heparin administration.

The haemostatic parameters were studied within 14 days of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 103 patients randomly allocated into a group receiving low-dose heparin or into a group treated without anticoagulants. Patients with isotopic evidence of deep vein thrombosis were excluded from the analysis. An important formation of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) in the plasma was detected in the early stage of the disease. It was accompanied by an activation of plasma intrinsic fibrinolysis (IF), an elevation of fibrinogen and its degradation products (FDP) and a reduction of extrinsic plasma fibrinolytic activity (EF) together with normal levels of factor X, antithrombin III (AT III), protein C and alpha-2-antiplasmin. Sequentially studies periods of the disease revealed a diminution of TAT complex concentration in the plasma on the seventh day of AMI together with a rise of the both plasma fibrinolytic activities (IF, EF) as well as an elevation of fibrinogen and its degradation products, returning to the initial values on the 14 day of AMI. In the patients treated with heparin the augmentation of TAT complex in the plasma was prolonged until the fifth day of AMI. Moreover, heparin administration was connected with significantly higher levels of AT III and protein C along with a lower concentration of factor X and FDP on the seventh day of the disease. The fluctuation of fibrinolytic activities (IF, EF) in the plasma was heparin-independent. The present results indicate that low-dose heparin treatment modulates the plasmatic fluctuation of TAT complex as well as factor X, AT III and protein C levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Nebulized heparin and anabolic steroid in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis following elective abdominal surgery.

One hundred eighty three patients, all over 40 years old, who underwent major abdominal surgery, were randomized into 3 groups: Group I received a single dose of nebulized heparin (800 IU per kg b.w.) administered by inhalation one day prior to surgery. Group II besides the above, also received a single injection of 50 mg of long acting anabolic steroid (nandrolone phenylpropionate) intramuscularly. Group III received 5000 IU heparin subcutaneously on hr prior to surgery as well as every 12 h for the next 5 postoperative days. Postoperatively the patients were evaluated for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) using the 125-I-fibrinogen test. The occurrence of DVT was determined as: in Group I--16%, in Group II--7.9%, in Group III--7.8%. Haemorrhagic complications (clinically important) were observed in 7.8% of patients from Group III, but only in 1.7% of patients in Group I and 1.6% in Group II. For DVT prophylaxis following abdominal surgery a single application of nebulized heparin and long acting anabolic steroid is as effective as conventional low-dose subcutaneous heparin administration, but gives less haemorrhagic complications. This method is also more advantagenous in term of acceptance by the patients and represents considerable saving of nursing time.

Studies on the influence of combustion exhaust gases and the products of their reaction with ammonia on the living organism. I. The influence on DNA, RNA and soluble proteins in the liver of guinea pig.

The paper presents the behaviour of DNA, RNA and soluble proteins in whole homogenate as well as the nuclear, mitochondrial and postmitochondrial liver fractions in guinea pigs exposed to combustion exhaust gases and the products of their reaction with ammonia. A decrease of RNA level was found in the liver of animals exposed to combustion exhaust gases together with a decrease of soluble proteins in all the studied fractions. On the other hand, in the group of animals subjected to the action of neutralization products of combustion gases by ammonia, the studied components were increased. This increase may be the result of the simultaneous action of industrial noise.