ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to increase total phenolics, flavonoids and hypericin accumulation in in vitro cultures of Hypericum retusum Aucher to determine the appropriate time of UV radiations. Proliferation of plantlets on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 0.5 mg L(- 1)N-6-benzylaminopurine was achieved under in vitro conditions. Then, the plantlets were exposed to UV-B radiation for different periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 min). The highest total phenolics, flavonoids and hypericin accumulation (43.17 ± 0.8; 35.09 ± 0.8; 2.7 ± 0.05 mg g(- 1), respectively) was achieved at 45 minutes of exposure to UV-B radiation when compared with the contents of naturally growing plants (23.33 ± 0.9, 18.62 ± 0.3 and 1.6 ± 0.01 mg g(- 1), respectively) and control groups (control group was not subjected to UV-B radiation).
Subject(s)
Hypericum/chemistry , Hypericum/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays , Anthracenes , Benzyl Compounds , Flavonoids/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Kinetin , Perylene/analogs & derivatives , Perylene/analysis , Phenols/pharmacology , PurinesABSTRACT
Apart from a large amount (ca. 2.0%) of α-bisabolol ß-D-fucopyranoside (2a), the aerial parts of the Mediterranean weed Carthamus glaucus afforded an unusual triglyceride (E-2-crotonyl-1,3-distearolylglycerol, 7), two lipophilic flavonoids (6a,b), and a series of bisabolane fucopyranosides variously acylated on the sugar moiety (2b-e) or oxidized on the terpenoid core (3, 4a,b, 5a,b). The fucopyranoside 2a is more soluble in polar media and more versatile in terms of formulation than its aglycone [(-)-α-bisabolol, 1], an anti-inflammatory cosmetic ingredient in current short supply in its natural form. A comparative investigation of the activity of α-bisabolol (1a), the fucopyranoside 2a, and its senecioate 2b on transcription factors involved in inflammation and cancer pathways (NF-κB and STAT-3) showed only marginal activity on NF-κB inhibition for all compounds, while STAT-3 was inhibited potently by the fucoside 2a and, to a lesser extent, also by α-bisabolol. These observations qualify 2a as an easily available compound, both as an apoptotic lead structure and as a potential alternative to natural α-bisabolol (1) for pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic development.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Carthamus/chemistry , NF-kappa B/metabolism , STAT3 Transcription Factor/drug effects , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , HeLa Cells , Humans , Molecular Structure , Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification , TurkeyABSTRACT
The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from Hypericum hyssopifolium var. microcalycinum and Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides were analysed by using GC and GC-MS. Caryophyllene oxide was found to be the major component. The essential oils of both Hypericum species showed antimicrobial activity against nine microorganism at a concentration of 60 to 80 microg/ml.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Hypericum/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Bacillus/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Oils/chemistry , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effects , TurkeyABSTRACT
The essential oils of Hypericum scabrum, Hypericum scabroides and Hypericum triquetrifolium were studied for the first time for their antimicrobial activity against nine organisms. All the essential oils exhibited some broad spectrum antibacterial activity, at a concentration of 80 microg/mL. The essential oils of Hypericum species showed antibacterial activity against the tested organisms and a yeast.
