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1.
Bol. ind. anim. (Impr.) ; 77: 1-17, 7 fev. 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466988

ABSTRACT

Behavioral studies help to understand the needs of animals and serve as a basis to justify  welfare criteria on farms. This study used the systems dynamics to identify causal loops that influence the behavior of dairy calves during suckling when kept in different housing systems (individual or collective in the presence or absence of a tactile stimulus). The results showed that the conceptual model of dairy calf development consists of three subsystems : (a) subsystem of growth with three reinforcing loops linked to the weight of the calves; (b) subsystem of social development with two reinforcing loops associated with calf learning and two balancing loops associated with reactivity, and (c) subsystem of thermoregulation with three balancing loops associated with body temperature and one reinforcing loop associated with thermal stress. In conclusion, conceptual modeling provided additional information  on the behavior of dairy calves by making explicit the interconnections between the subsystems that comprise the overall calf development system.


O estudo do comportamento ajuda a entender as necessidades dos animais e serve de base para justificar os critérios de bem-estar nas fazendas. Este trabalho utilizou a dinâmica de sistema para encontrar os ciclos causais que influenciam os comportamentos das bezerras leiteiras durante a fase de aleitamento, mantidas em diferentes sistemas de criação (individual ou coletivo com presença ou ausência de estímulo tátil). Como resultado da modelagem, o modelo conceitual de desenvolvimento de bezerras leiteiras possui três subsistemas: (a) subsistema de crescimento, onde existem três ciclos de reforço ligados ao peso das bezerras; (b) subsistema de desenvolvimento social com dois ciclos de reforço associados à aprendizagem das bezerras e dois ciclos de balanço associados à reatividade; e (c) subsistema de termorregulação com três ciclos de balanço associados à temperatura corporal e um ciclo de reforço associado ao estresse térmico. A modelagem conceitual proporcionou maiores informações sobe o comportamento de bezerras leiteiras por tornarem explicitas as integrações entre os subsistemas que compõem o sistema de desenvolvimento geral de bezerras.


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Infant , Cattle , Animal Welfare , Behavior, Animal , Milk , Animals, Newborn
2.
B. Indústr. Anim. ; 77: 1-17, 7 fev. 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-28737

ABSTRACT

Behavioral studies help to understand the needs of animals and serve as a basis to justify  welfare criteria on farms. This study used the systems dynamics to identify causal loops that influence the behavior of dairy calves during suckling when kept in different housing systems (individual or collective in the presence or absence of a tactile stimulus). The results showed that the conceptual model of dairy calf development consists of three subsystems : (a) subsystem of growth with three reinforcing loops linked to the weight of the calves; (b) subsystem of social development with two reinforcing loops associated with calf learning and two balancing loops associated with reactivity, and (c) subsystem of thermoregulation with three balancing loops associated with body temperature and one reinforcing loop associated with thermal stress. In conclusion, conceptual modeling provided additional information  on the behavior of dairy calves by making explicit the interconnections between the subsystems that comprise the overall calf development system.(AU)


O estudo do comportamento ajuda a entender as necessidades dos animais e serve de base para justificar os critérios de bem-estar nas fazendas. Este trabalho utilizou a dinâmica de sistema para encontrar os ciclos causais que influenciam os comportamentos das bezerras leiteiras durante a fase de aleitamento, mantidas em diferentes sistemas de criação (individual ou coletivo com presença ou ausência de estímulo tátil). Como resultado da modelagem, o modelo conceitual de desenvolvimento de bezerras leiteiras possui três subsistemas: (a) subsistema de crescimento, onde existem três ciclos de reforço ligados ao peso das bezerras; (b) subsistema de desenvolvimento social com dois ciclos de reforço associados à aprendizagem das bezerras e dois ciclos de balanço associados à reatividade; e (c) subsistema de termorregulação com três ciclos de balanço associados à temperatura corporal e um ciclo de reforço associado ao estresse térmico. A modelagem conceitual proporcionou maiores informações sobe o comportamento de bezerras leiteiras por tornarem explicitas as integrações entre os subsistemas que compõem o sistema de desenvolvimento geral de bezerras.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Infant , Cattle , Animal Welfare , Behavior, Animal , Milk , Animals, Newborn
3.
Rev. Bras. Zootec. (Online) ; 48: e20180231, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1511092

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk production and ingestive behavior of Holstein cows and the structural characteristics of Mulato II, a hybrid Brachiaria grass CIAT 36087 (B. ruziziensis × B. decumbens × B. brizantha), and Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) pastures under rotational stocking. The experiment was conducted from December 2011 to April 2012 after 10 months of adaptation to the grazing management objectives (25 cm pre-grazing height and 15-20 cm post-grazing height). An area of 4 ha was divided into 28 paddocks: 14 with Mulato II pasture and 14 with Marandu pasture. The treatments consisted of the two grasses and a completely randomized design of the grazing variables with six repetitions each (paddock of evaluation) was used. For the animal variables, a randomized matched pairs design of 20 Holstein cows forming 10 blocks of two animals with similar production each was used. The forage mass or accumulation rate did not differ between grasses. Mulato II pastures had a higher tiller population density (822 tillers m−2) and crude protein content (143.5 g kg−1) than Marandu pastures (636 tillers m−2 and 130.3 g kg−1 crude protein). Cows kept on Mulato II exhibited shorter nighttime grazing activity (234 and 246 min in summer and autumn, respectively) than animals kept on Marandu (273 and 394 min, respectively). The average milk yield during the experimental period was higher for Mulato II (15.3 kg cow−1 day−1) compared with Marandu (14.3 kg cow−1 day−1). Both grasses have potential to be used in milk production systems for the grazing management objectives evaluated.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle/physiology , Pasture , Milk/chemistry , Eating , Brachiaria/chemistry , Poaceae/chemistry , Nutritive Value
4.
Acta Vet. Brasilica ; 3(3): 147-152, 2009. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1453375

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o comportamento de bubalinos semiconfinados, enfocando o efeito de diferentes níveis de suplementação com concentrado na distribuição diária das atividades do período dedicado ao pastejo. Foram observados por 9 dias, 18 búfalos da raça Murrah, com aproximadamente 17 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 300kg, os quais permaneceram no pasto das 7:00 às 17:00 horas (período de observação), e após serem recolhidos em suas baias individuais, receberam, no período noturno, o concentrado sob 3 diferentes tratamentos: Tratamento 1 = 0,6%, Tratamento 2 = 0,9% e Tratamento 3 = 1,2% do peso vivo. As variáveis observadas foram: Tempo pastejando (TP); Tempo em pé (TEP); Tempo deitado (TD); Tempo de ruminação (TR); e Tempo em outras atividades (TOA). O efeito de tratamento foi significativo apenas para TEP e TD. O dia influenciou significativamente (P<0,01) todas as variáveis, mas não houve diferença entre os dias para as variáveis meteorologias e índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Houve interação entre dia e tratamento para a variável tempo ruminando (P<0,05), sendo que o tratamento 2 foi superior aos demais no quarto dia de observação e com relação aos dias o quarto dia de observação mostrou significativamente superior aos demais em todos os tratamentos. Os níveis de suplementação não alteraram as atividades de pastejo, ócio e chafurdação de bubalinos mantidos em sistema de semi-confinamento.


This work aimed to study the behavior of semi-confined buffaloes, emphasizing the effect of three different supplementation levels with concentrated in daily distribution of activities during the grazing period. Eighteen Murrah buffaloes with approximately 17 months of age and initial average weight of 300kg were observed for 9 days. They remained on pasture from 7 a.m. till 5 p.m. (observation period). In the evenings, animals were put in their individual stalls, and received the concentrate under 3 different treatments: Treatment 1 = 0.6%, Treatment 2 = 0.9% and Treatment 3 = 1.2% of the animal weight. The observed variables were: Grazing time (TP); Standing time (TEP); Lying time (TD); Rumination time (TR); Wallowing time (TCH); and Time in other activities (TOA). The effect of treatment was significant only for TEP and TD. The day influenced significantly (P <0.01) all variables, but there was no difference between days for the variables of weather and humidity temperature index (ITU). There was an interaction between day and treatment for variable rumination time (P <0.05), the treatment 2 was superior to the others on the fourth day of observation. The fourth day of observation showed significantly superior in comparison to the other days in all treatments. The levels of supplementation did not alter the activities of grazing, wallowing and time in other activities of buffaloes in semi-confined system.


Subject(s)
Animals , Buffaloes/physiology , Pasture , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Eating , Feeding Behavior
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