Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its metabolite as a hepatic function marker in dogs.

Measuring hepatic metabolic function is critical for detection and treatment of liver failure. Several tests have been widely used to characterize the integrity of liver; however, they do not evaluate the metabolic function of the organ, most requiring multiple blood draws. The purpose of this study was to establish if the ratio of the lidocaine metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) divided by lidocaine concentration at 30 min post intravenous lidocaine administration is a good marker of metabolic activity of the liver. Nine healthy and two partially hepatectomized and auto-transplanted dogs were included in the study. A single 1.5 mg/kg intravenous dose of lidocaine and serum samples were obtained at selected times for 150 minutes. Serum concentrations of lidocaine and MEGX were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by non-compartmental methods and ratio of AUC of MEGX divided by AUC of lidocaine was determined for each dog. This ratio was correlated with the ratio of the concentration of the compounds obtained 30 minutes after drug administration. A good concordance was obtained, suggesting that ratio obtained with a single sample may be useful to predict the hepatic metabolism function. To validate the test, dogs hepatectomized and auto-transplanted were plotted and the results obtained were within the values obtained in healthy dogs. These results suggest that ratio of MEGX/lidocaine obtained 30 min after administration could be a good marker of hepatic metabolic function.

Desensibilización a L-asparraginasa en dos pacientes con hipersensibilidad previa / Asparraginase desensitization in two patients with previous hipersenstivity

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Patterns of drug consumption in relation with the pathologies of elderly Mexican subjects resident in nursing homes.

PURPOSE: To describe the patterns of drugs consumed by the male and female elderly living in Mexican private and public nursing homes. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty elderly participants from four nursing homes (2 private and 2 public) were selected for the six month study: 108 subjects were excluded; the remaining 242 were between 65 and 100 years old; 123 were females and 119 males. A complete clinical history was taken and clinical files were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 242 elderly studied, 193 took diverse medications and 28.5% were at risk of some type of drug interaction. The groups of drugs more frequently consumed were vitamins and anti-anemic medications, followed by cardiovascular drugs. Females consumed greater number of drugs. They also consumed more drugs simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to monitor the elderly for their drugs pattern use.

Determinación de triptófano en cerebro de ratas expuestas a ozono / Brain tryptophan levels in rats exposed to ozone

El objetivo del presente trabajo es cuantificar los niveles de triptófano por CLAR líquidos de alta resolución en 4 regiones del cerebro (cerebelo, corteza, hemisferio y tallo) en ratas machos de la cepa Wistar, de 50 días de edad con diferente condición nutricional expuestas a ozono o aire. Un grupo de animales fue alimentado con una dieta normal de bioterio (23 por ciento de proteína), y otro con una dieta deficiente en proteínas (7 por ciento de proteína). Ambos grupos fueron expuestos a 0.5 ppm de ozono o aire fresco, por 6 horas al día durante 30 días consecutivos. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en los niveles de triptófano en todas las regiones del estudio entre los grupos con diferente condición nutricional (p<0.05). Estos resultados sugieren que la alimentación deficiente en proteínas y la exposición a ozono, son condiciones que favorecen la formación de diversas reacciones que alteran los niveles de triptófano en el cerebro