Regeneration of periodontal bone defects with mesenchymal stem cells in animal models. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the regeneration of periodontal bone defects in animal models. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, and the study was recorded in PROSPERO under reference number CDR42021247462. The PICO question was: is periodontal regeneration (cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone) with MSCs more effective than other techniques? Three groups were considered: Group 1: MSCs alone or mixed with regenerative materials. Group 2: only regenerative materials. Group 3: no regenerative material nor MSCs. The search was conducted using MeSH with a total of 18 articles for qualitative analysis and 5 for quantitative analysis. For the meta-analysis, a modification of the effect size algorithm was developed, which considered a comparison of means between treatments using the Student's t sample distribution. When comparing the effect size between Group 1 and Group 2, the effect size for the new cementum was 2.83 mm with an estimated confidence interval of 95% (CI 95%) between 0.48 and 5.17 mm. When considering the fit to a random-effects model, the combined variance (τ2) was 6.1573 mm, with a standard deviation (SD) of 5.6008 mm and a percentage of total heterogeneity I2 of 92.33% (p < 0.0001). For new bone, the effect size was 0.88 mm, CI 95% - 0.25 to 2.01 mm, τ2 = 1.3108 mm (SD = 1.2021 mm) and I2 = 80.46%, p = 0.0004). With regard to the new periodontal ligament, it was not possible for the meta-analysis to be performed. MSCs have a greater capacity for tissue regeneration in root cementum than in alveolar bone compared to other regenerative materials.

Consensus Report of the XI Congress of the Spanish Society of Odontology for the Handicapped and Special Patients

This article summarizes the findings of consensus of the XI congress of the SEOEME. All of these conclusions are referring to the review articles responsible to the general rapporteurs in order to bringing up to date knowledge with regard to the use of implants in patients medically compromised and with special needs and, in the dental management of autism and cerebral palsy, in the dental treatment of patients with genetic and adquired haematological disorders, the dental implications of cardiovascular disease and hospital dentistry

Consensus report of the XI Congress of the Spanish Society of Odontology for the handicapped and special patients.

This article summarizes the findings of consensus of the XI congress of the SEOEME. All of these conclusions are referring to the review articles responsible to the general rapporteurs in order to bringing up to date knowledge with regard to the use of implants in patients medically compromised and with special needs and, in the dental management of autism and cerebral palsy, in the dental treatment of patients with genetic and adquired haematological disorders, the dental implications of cardiovascular disease and hospital dentistry.

Prevalence of systemic diseases among patients requesting dental consultation in the public and private systems

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and aetiology of systemic disease among patients requesting dental treatment in public and private practice. Study Design: A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical histories of 2000 patients requesting dental treatment during the year 2009. One thousand patients came from the Fontiñas Primary Care Oral and Dental Health Unit of the Galician Health Service (SERGAS), Spain, and the other thousand from a private clinic; both clinics were situated in Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain. The data collected were the following: demographic data (age and sex), presence or absence of systemic diseases and the nosologic categories, and drug history(type and number of drugs).Results: The prevalence of systemic disease was significantly higher among patients seen in the public system(35.2% in the public system versus 28.1% in the private system; p= 0.003). The differences between the two systems were more marked when considering patients aged under 65 years, particularly with respect to rheumatic and endocrine-metabolic (diabetes) disorders. The prevalence of patients receiving polypharmacy (>4 drugs/day)was significantly higher among patients seen in the public system (5.7% in the public system versus 2.7% in the private system; p= 0.009).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of medical disorders and of patients receiving polypharmacy among individuals requesting dental care, particularly in the public health system. Dentists must have adequate training in medical disease and must be fully integrated into primary care health teams in order to prevent or adequately resolve complications (AU)

Prevalence of systemic diseases among patients requesting dental consultation in the public and private systems.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and aetiology of systemic disease among patients requesting dental treatment in public and private practice. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical histories of 2000 patients requesting dental treatment during the year 2009. One thousand patients came from the Fontiñas Primary Care Oral and Dental Health Unit of the Galician Health Service (SERGAS), Spain, and the other thousand from a private clinic; both clinics were situated in Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain. The data collected were the following: demographic data (age and sex), presence or absence of systemic diseases and the nosologic categories, and drug history (type and number of drugs). RESULTS: The prevalence of systemic disease was significantly higher among patients seen in the public system (35.2% in the public system versus 28.1% in the private system; p= 0.003). The differences between the two systems were more marked when considering patients aged under 65 years, particularly with respect to rheumatic and endocrine-metabolic (diabetes) disorders. The prevalence of patients receiving polypharmacy (>4 drugs/day) was significantly higher among patients seen in the public system (5.7% in the public system versus 2.7% in the private system; p= 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of medical disorders and of patients receiving polypharmacy among individuals requesting dental care, particularly in the public health system. Dentists must have adequate training in medical disease and must be fully integrated into primary care health teams in order to prevent or adequately resolve complications.

Screening for hypertension in a Primary Care Dental clinic

Objective: The aim of this study was to record blood pressure in patients during their visit to a dental clinic, withthe aim of identifying those who have high blood pressure and are unaware of it, as well as those who are awareof their condition but do have their blood pressure under adequate control.Study design: We designed a cross-sectional study which included 154 patients who were seen for a dental checkupat the Primary Dental Care of the Gallician Health Service (SERGAS). All participants completed a standardizedmedical questionnaire after measuring their systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP),which was conducted using the protocol established by the Spanish Society of Hypertension-Spanish League forthe Fight Against Hypertension (HTA).Results: In 45 patients (29%), the figures for blood pressure were recorded as SBP¡Ý140 mmHg and/or DBP ¡Ý90mmHg, indicating that they may have hypertension. Only 12 of them had been previously diagnosed with hypertension,but did not have their blood pressure under adequate control. The remaining 33 had no history ofhypertension and were referred to a family physician, but only 19 saw their doctor; 11 of these patients were givennon-pharmacological treatment, 6 were prescribed drug treatment and no type of treatment was indicated for theother two patients.Conclusions: By screening for hypertension, especially among patients who are more than 40 years old, the dentistcan play an important role in the early diagnosis (AU)

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In vivo substantivity of 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinses on salivary bacteria.

The in vivo antimicrobial activity of 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on the salivary flora up to 7 h after its application, using epifluorescence microscopy with the SYTO 9/propidium iodide dual staining, was evaluated. Fifteen volunteers performed a single mouthrinse with sterile water (SM-water), a single mouthrinse with 0.12% CHX (0.12% SM-CHX) and a single and double mouthrinse with 0.2% CHX (0.2% SM-CHX and 0.2% DM-CHX). Samples of saliva were taken at 30 s, and 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after each application. In comparison with SM-water, 0.2% CHX (SM and DM) showed a significant antibacterial effect up to 7 h after the mouthrinse, whereas this effect only persisted up to 5 h after the 0.12% SM-CHX mouthrinse. On comparing the two concentrations of CHX, significantly higher percentages of bacterial vitality were observed in all the saliva samples after the use of 0.12% CHX than after 0.2% CHX. On comparison of the 0.2% SM-CHX and 0.2% DM-CHX, significantly higher percentages of live bacteria were observed in the saliva samples taken at 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after the single mouthrinse compared with the double mouthrinse. The 0.2% CHX mouthrinse had the greatest antimicrobial activity on the salivary flora up to 7 h after its application, with a progressive recovery in bacterial vitality. The differences observed with respect to the 0.12% CHX mouthrinse demonstrate the influence of the concentration on its immediate antimicrobial activity and substantivity.

Screening for hypertension in a primary care dental clinic.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to record blood pressure in patients during their visit to a dental clinic, with the aim of identifying those who have high blood pressure and are unaware of it, as well as those who are aware of their condition but do have their blood pressure under adequate control. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a cross-sectional study which included 154 patients who were seen for a dental checkup at the Primary Dental Care of the Gallician Health Service (SERGAS). All participants completed a standardized medical questionnaire after measuring their systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), which was conducted using the protocol established by the Spanish Society of Hypertension-Spanish League for the Fight Against Hypertension (HTA). RESULTS: In 45 patients (29%), the figures for blood pressure were recorded as SBP>or=140 mmHg and/or DBP>or=90 mmHg, indicating that they may have hypertension. Only 12 of them had been previously diagnosed with hypertension, but did not have their blood pressure under adequate control. The remaining 33 had no history of hypertension and were referred to a family physician, but only 19 saw their doctor; 11 of these patients were given non-pharmacological treatment, 6 were prescribed drug treatment and no type of treatment was indicated for the other two patients. CONCLUSIONS: By screening for hypertension, especially among patients who are more than 40 years old, the dentist can play an important role in the early diagnosis.

Control of drooling using transdermal scopolamine skin patches. A case report.

Transdermal scopolamine has been shown to be very useful in the management of drooling, particularly in patients with neurological or neuropsychiatric disturbances or severe developmental disorders. In this paper, we present the case of a 24-year-old patient with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and a severe problem of drooling, exacerbated by marked mandibular prognathism. After exclusion of other therapeutic alternatives, it was decided to use sustained-release transdermal scopolamine patches (Scopoderm TTS). This technique consists of the application every three days of a patch with 1.5 mg of scopolamine in the area of the mastoid apophysis; the patch releases a dose of 0.5 mg of the active substance over each 24 hour period. The patient underwent periodic clinical and laboratory follow-up over a period of three years, achieving satisfactory results with no significant undesirable effects.

Control of drooling using transdermal scopolamine skin patches. A case report

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Transdermal scopolamine has been shown to be very useful in the management of drooling, particularly in patientswith neurological or neuropsychiatric disturbances or severe developmental disorders. In this paper, we present the case of a 24-year-old patient with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and a severe problem of drooling, exacerbated by marked mandibular prognathism. After exclusion of other therapeutic alternatives, it was decided to use sustainedrelease transdermal scopolamine patches (Scopoderm TTS). This technique consists of the application every three days of a patch with 1.5 mg of scopolamine in the area of the mastoid apophysis; the patch releases a dose of 0.5 mgof the active substance over each 24 hour period. The patient underwent periodic clinical and laboratory follow-up over a period of three years, achieving satisfactory results with no significant undesirable effects (AU)

Oral health status in patients with moderate-severe and terminal renal failure.

AIMS: To evaluate the oral health status of patients with moderate-severe chronic renal failure (CRF) and with terminal renal failure (TRF). DESIGN: The study group was formed of 50 patients: 22 (44%) with moderate-severe CRF and 28 (56%) with TRF included in a haemodialysis programme. The controls (n=64) presented similar characteristics with regard to sex, age, weight and educational level. A single dentist performed an intraoral examination on all the subjects, gathering information on: number of decayed, missing or filled teeth; supragingival plaque accumulation; calculus deposits; periodontal pockets in the Ramfjord teeth; and depth of loss of insertion. RESULTS: No significant differences were detected in the values of the DMF index between the two groups. The mean number of decayed teeth was lower in the patients than in the controls, showing a tendency to statistical significance (p=0.052). The mean number of missing teeth was higher in the patients than in the controls (p=0.002). Twelve patients and seven controls were completely edentate. The mean number of filled teeth was significantly lower in the patients than the controls (p<0.001). Supragingival plaque accumulation and the loss of insertion were significantly greater in the patients than in the controls (p=0.006 and p<0.001, respectively). No significant differences were found with respect to the calculus deposits or to the presence of periodontal pockets in the two groups. The value of the DMF index, the mean number of teeth with caries and the number of filled teeth were significantly higher in the patients with moderate-severe CRF than in the patients with TRF (p=0.004, p=0.030 and p=0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CRF have a lower prevalence of caries, more supragingival plaque, more teeth with a loss of insertion and more missing teeth than the healthy controls. The prevalence of caries is affected by the severity of the renal failure and/or by haemodialysis treatment.

Oral health status in patients with moderate-severe and terminal renal failure

Objetivos. Evaluar el estado de salud oral de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica moderada/severa (IRC-MD) y con fallo renal terminal (FRT).Diseño. El grupo de estudio lo constituyeron 50 pacientes: 22 (44%) con IRC-MD y 28 (56%) con FRT incluidos en un programa de hemodiálisis. Los controles (n= 64) tenían características similares en relación al sexo, edad, peso y nivel educacional. Se realizó una exploración intraoral a todos los participantes recogiendo información acerca de: número de dientes cariados, ausentes y obturados; acúmulo de placa supragingival; acúmulo de cálculo; profundidad de bolsas periodontales en los dientes de Ramfjord; y pérdida de inserción. Resultados. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en los valores del índice CAO entre pacientes y controles. El número medio de dientes cariados fue inferior en los pacientes que en los controles (p= 0,052). En los pacientes, el número medio de dientes ausentes fue mayor que en los controles (p= 0,002). Había 12 pacientes y 7 controles totalmente edéntulos. El número medio de dientes obturados fue significativamente inferior en los pacientes que en los controles (p< 0,001). El acúmulo de placa supragingival y la pérdida de inserción fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes que en los controles (p= 0,006 y p< 0,001, respectivamente). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en relación al acúmulo de cálculo ni a la presencia de bolsas periodontales entre ambos grupos. El valor del índice CAO, el número medio de dientes cariados y el de obturados fue significativamente superior en los pacientes IRC-MD que en los pacientes FRT (p= 0,004, p= 0,030 y p= 0,006, respectivamente). Conclusión. Los pacientes con IRC tienen menor prevalencia de caries, más placa supragingival, más dientes con pérdida de inserción y más ausencias dentarias, que los controles sanos. La prevalencia de caries está condicionada por la severidad de la insuficiencia y/o por el tratamiento de hemodiálisis

Aims. To evaluate the oral health status of patients with moderate-severe chronic renal failure (CRF) and with terminal renal failure (TRF).Design. The study group was formed of 50 patients: 22 (44%) with moderate-severe CRF and 28 (56%) with TRF included in a haemodialysis programme. The controls (n=64) presented similar characteristics with regard to sex, age, weight and educational level. A single dentist performed an intraoral examination on all the subjects, gathering information on: number of decayed, missing or filled teeth; supragingival plaque accumulation; calculus deposits; periodontal pockets in the Ramfjord teeth; and loss of insertion. Results. No significant differences were detected in the values of the DMF index between the two groups. The mean number of decayed teeth was lower in the patients than in the controls, showing a tendency to statistical significance (p=0.052). The mean number of missing teeth was higher in the patients than in the controls (p=0.002). Twelve patients and seven controls were completely edentate. The mean number of filled teeth was significantly lower in the patients than the controls (p<0.001). Supragingival plaque accumulation and the loss of insertion were significantly greater in the patients than in the controls (p=0.006 and p<0.001, respectively). No significant differences were found with respect to the calculus deposits or to the presence of periodontal pockets in the two groups.The value of the DMF index, the mean number of teeth with caries and the number of filled teeth were significantly higher in the patients with moderate-severe CRF than in the patients with TRF (p=0.004, p=0.030 and p=0.006, respectively). Conclusions. Patients with CRF have a lower prevalence of caries, more supragingival plaque, more teeth with a loss of insertion and more missing teeth than the healthy controls. The prevalence of caries is affected by the severity of the renal failure and/or by haemodialysis treatment

Cambios en los hábitos de salud oral en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Changes in the oral health habits in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus

Objetivo: Analizar los cambios en la frecuencia de cepillado y demanda de atención odontológica en un colectivo de pacientes VIH-positivos sometidos a seguimiento durante un largo período de tiempo. Pacientes y método: El grupo de estudio lo conformaron 200 individuos VIH-positivos. En 1992 se les realizó una exploración odontológica y una encuesta sobre frecuencia de cepillado dental y visitas al dentista, antes de la seroconversión y en ese año. En 2002, se reexaminó y reencuestó a 56 pacientes, para analizar la actitud de este colectivo hacia los cuidados odontológicos y compararla con la de la población general española. Resultados: La higiene oral mejoró significativamente a lo largo del período de seguimiento (el 45 por ciento del colectivo no se cepillaba diariamente antes de la seroconversión; frente al 25 por ciento en 1992 y al 13 por ciento en 2002). El número de enfermos que visitaba regularmente al dentista aumentó un 15 por ciento entre 1992 y 2002. Conclusión: Los hábitos de higiene y el estado de salud oral de los pacientes VIH-positivos de largo tiempo de evolución son similares a los de la población general (AU)

Chemoprophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis recommended by general dental practitioners in Spain.

The aim of this study was to assess the current practice of antibiotic prophylaxis of Bacterial Endocarditis (BE) among General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) in Spain. GDPs were asked over the telephone by a fictitious patient what antibiotic prophylaxis they would administer to an "at risk" patient for BE before a tooth extraction. Four hundred randomly selected Spanish GDPs were surveyed, 200 of them were asked about BE prophylaxis in penicillin non-allergic patients and the remaining 200 in penicillin allergic patients. Of the GDPs surveyed, 182 (45.5%) did not recommend any prophylactic treatment; 74.7% of those stated that an oral examination before treatment was needed and 25.3% referred the patient to his/her physician or cardiologist for further advice. Of the 97 GDPs who recommended antibiotics to penicillin nonallergic patients, only 30 (30.9%) suggested the prophylactic guidelines proposed by the American Heart Association or the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. For penicillin allergic patients, 68.2% of the GDPs prescribed erythromycin as the antibiotic of first choice, while 17.6% of the GDPs prescribed clindamycin. Nonetheless, fewer than 30% administered both antibiotics with the adequate dosages. These results show important gaps in the knowledge of antibiotic prophylaxis for "at risk" patients before dental procedures among Spanish GDPs.

Pautas de profilaxis antibiótica de Endocarditis Bacteriana, recomendadas por los odontólogos en España / Chemoprophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis recommended by general dental practitioners in Spain

El propósito del presente estudio fue conocerlas pautas de profilaxis antibiótica de Endocarditis Bacteriana (EB) recomendadas por los odontólogos en España. Se preguntó a través de una llamada telefónica, cuál era el régimen profiláctico que se debía administrar a un paciente de riesgo de EB antes de someterse a una exodoncia. La información se obtuvo de 400 odontólogos seleccionados aleatoriamente y distribuidos por todo el territorio español. A 200 se les preguntó sobre la pauta recomendada en pacientes no alérgicos a la penicilina y, a los 200 restantes, sobre la aplicada en los alérgicos a la penicilina. Del total de encuestados, 182 (45,5 por ciento) no sugirieron ningún régimen profiláctico, de éstos el 74,7 por ciento señalaron la necesidad de una cita para una exploración previa y el 25,3 por ciento refirieron al paciente a su médico general o cardiólogo. De los 97 odontólogos que recomendaron antibióticos para pacientes no alérgicos a la penicilina, solamente 30 (30,9 por ciento) contestaron correctamente algún régimen profiláctico de los publicados por la Asociación Americana de Cardiología o la Sociedad Británica de Quimioterapia Antimicrobiana. Para pacientes alérgicos a la penicilina, el 68,2 por ciento de los odontólogos recomendaron eritromicina como antibiótico de elección, y el 17,6 por ciento clindamicina. Sin embargo, menos del 30 por ciento prescribieron estos antibióticos en las posologías correctas. Estos resultados demuestran una importante carencia de conocimientos entre los odontólogos españoles sobre las pautas de profilaxis de EB para pacientes de riesgo que van a someterse a una manipulación dental (AU)

Pre-assessment of severely handicapped patients suitable of dental treatment under general anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the importance of an individualized preoperative assessment in severely handicapped patients suitable of dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA). DESIGN: The study group consisted of 564 patients referred to a Special Needs Unit specialized in the dental care of handicapped people, who would be treated under GA. Medical and dental records of every patient were evaluated, as well as the findings in the oral examination and the assessment carried out by the anesthesiologists. RESULTS: Approximately 15% of patients (n=84) did not have any dental needs at the time of the examination; 42% (n=234) underwent treatment under GA and 43% (n=242) were treated under local anesthesia. Only 1.7% of the patients liable to undergo GA were discharged by the anesthesiologist due to their systemic condition. Medical and dental complications were scarce and, generally mild. During the follow-up period (mean 44 +/- 6 months) 4.8% of patients needed another treatment session under GA due to new dental pathology. CONCLUSION: Applying systematic selection criteria to perform any dental treatment under GA in severely handicapped patients reduces the indiscriminate use of this technique, minimizing complications as well as the necessity of new interventions.

Evaluación preanestésica de discapacitados severos susceptibles de tratamiento odontológico bajo anestesia general / Pre-assesment of severely handicapped patients suitable of dental treatment under general anesthesia

Objetivo: Analizar la importancia de la exploración preoperatoria individualizada de pacientes discapacitados severos susceptibles de tratamiento odontológico bajo Anestesia General (AG). Diseño: El grupo de estudio lo conformaron 564 pacientes remitidos a un centro especializado en la atención odontológica de pacientes especiales, para recibir tratamiento odontológico bajo AG. Se analizaron retrospectivamente los antecedentes médicos y odontológicos de todos los pacientes, así como los hallazgos de la exploración oral y los informes derivados de la consulta de anestesiología. Resultados: El 15 por ciento de los pacientes (n=84) no necesitaba tratamiento odontológico en el momento de la exploración. En el 42 por ciento de los rasos (n=234) el tratamiento se re-lizo bajo AG y en e143 por ciento de los pacientes (n=242) con Anestesia Local. De los enfermos susceptibles de AG sólo el l,7 por ciento fue excluido por el anestesiólogo en base a su compromiso médico. Las complicaciones tanto médicas como odontológicas fueron escasas y en general de baja intensidad. Durante el período de seguimiento (media 44 ñ 6 meses) en el 4,8 por ciento de los pacientes fue necesaria una nueva intervención bajo AG por la presencia de nueva patología dentaria. Conclusión: La aplicación sistemática de criterios de selección para efectuar tratamientos odontológicos bajo AG a discapacitados severos reduce el uso indiscriminado de esta técnica de control conductual, minimizando las complicaciones y la necesidad de reintervenciones (AU)

Encuesta: información a pacientes anticoagulados con acenocumarol relativa a futuras complicaciones odontológicas / Survey: Information administered to anticoagulated patients treated with acenocoumarol regarding future dental treatment complications

Introducción. En España se estima que 400.000 personas reciben tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales (TAO). Se pretende evaluar sus hábitos de higiene oral y la información que reciben sobre las complicaciones derivadas del tratamiento odontológico. Pacientes y método. Seleccionamos 173 pacientes, 87 TAO y 86 portadores de prótesis valvulares cardiacas (PPV-TAO), que respondieron a un cuestionario sobre higiene oral y prevención de complicaciones hemorrágicas y de endocarditis bacteriana. Resultados. El 17,5 por ciento de los TAO y el 26,5 por ciento de los PPV-TAO admitieron no cepillarse los dientes nunca. El 68,1 por ciento de los TAO y el 73,9 por ciento de los PPV-TAO habían sido informados sobre el riesgo de sangrado y de endocarditis bacteriana respectivamente. Conclusión. La mayoría de los pacientes TAO y PPV-TAO reciben información específica previa al tratamiento odontológico sobre potenciales complicaciones y su prevención. Sin embargo, sus hábitos de higiene oral son deficientes, presumiblemente porque existen importantes carencias en educación odontológica (AU)