Malignant ameloblastoma in an 8-year-old child with metastasis to the lung: case report with a clinicopathologic analysis.

Ameloblastomas are rare tumors of odontogenic origin, accounting for 1% of all oral tumors. They are benign, but locally highly aggressive tumors. We report here the unusual case of an 8-year-old patient with multicystic mandibular ameloblastoma, who was submitted to surgery for two relapses in six years and metastasized to the lung two years after initial surgery. The first lesion, diagnosed as follicular ameloblastoma, was treated conservatively with enucleation and curettage. Two years later the tumor relapsed into multicystic granular form. A marginal conservative resection was performed, keeping the basilar contour of the mandible, due to the age of the patient. Three months later, on a routine follow-up examination, a lung metastasis was detected with no signs of tumor in the mandibular bone and the patient was submitted to upper right lobectomy. Three years later a new recurrent tumor was detected in the alveolar process and another marginal resection was performed. Histologically, the tumor showed the follicular growth pattern. After a disease-free period of over five years, the patient was again submitted to surgery for mandibular reconstruction. The mandibular bony defect was filled with iliac bone blocks and four dental implants. He underwent oral rehabilitation with an implant-supported overdenture. With a follow-up period of 22 years since first surgery, the patient is currently free of disease.

The interplay of attention and self-monitoring with self-reporting oral health.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the effects of self-monitoring and focus of attention as predictors of self-reported oral health behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study of212 first year dental students, attention was measured with The Focus of Attention Questionnaire (FAQ) and self-monitoring with Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (SMS-R). The questionnaire included also information about socio-demographic factors, self-reported oral health status and behaviors. RESULTS: Self-Focused Attention (FAQself) was statistically significantly higher in participants who reported more than only one gingival sign (such as gingival bleeding) compared with those who reported healthy gums. Significant differences were observed between the high and low self-monitors regarding the insatisfaction by appearance of own teeth, gingival health, dental visits and mouthrinse frequency. Relation between tootbrushing frequency and self-reported gingival status was moderated by Other-Focused Attention (FAQexternal). FAQexternal also emerged as a moderator for dental visit frequency and self-rated gingival status / dental decays. FAQself and FAQ were moderators for self-reported dental decays, dentist visit frequency and reasons for dental visiting. The relation between flossing frequency and self-rated gingival bleeding, between mouthrinse frequency and self-reported dental decays, between dental visit frequency or reason for dental visits and self-reported dental decays, between reason for dental visits and self-reported dental extractions was moderated by self-monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of focus of attention and self-monitoring should be considered when tailoring intervention efforts to oral health promotion as well as in studies involving self-reporting as a tool in screening the oral health of populations.

[Diabetic retrohialoidian hemorrage--invasive minimal treatment]. / Hemoragie retrohialoidiana diabetica--tratament minim invaziv.

Subhyaloid hemorrhage is defined as a localized detachment of vitreous from the retina caused by the accumulation of blood, which can lead to sudden and severe loss of vision when it takes place in the macular area. The treatment ranges from conservative to posterior vitrectomy depending on the cause, age and the status of other eye.

Investigating the use of specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies in response to the experience of gingival bleeding.

UNLABELLED: The present study focuses on the extent to which undergraduates use specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies in response to the experience of the gingival bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study sample consisted of 190 first year dental students. The questionnaire included information about socio-demographic factors, behavioral variables and self-reported oral health status. To measure the specific emotional cognitive strategies, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was used. RESULTS: Self-reported gingival bleeding was associated with statistical significant higher values of self-blame and rumination. Participants who evaluated their self-reported gingival condition as poor/very poor scored higher values on rumination, catastrophising and lower on positive reappraisal, when compared with students with excellent gingival condition. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that presence of gingival bleeding was an independent determinant of self-blame, rumination and putting into perspective. Among participants with positive self-reported gingival bleeding, reason for dental visits was significantly correlated with positive refocusing, planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective and catrastrophizing. Positive reappraisal was found to be a mediating variable in the relationship between gingival status and reason for dental visits. Thus, positive reappraisal helps to explain the association between gingival status and reason for dental visits. CONCLUSIONS: Helping patients to challenge these maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies may therefore play an important role on the focus and content of (preventive) oral health behaviour interventions to be developed for patients with gingival and periodontal disease.

Associations among sleep disturbance, vitality, fatigue and oral health.

PURPOSE: The objective of the present study was to explore the moderating effects of sleep disturbance, fatigue and vitality on self-reported oral-health status and oral-health related behaviours. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The present study sample consisted of 213 first-year dental students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila', Bucharest, Romania. The questionnaire included information about sociodemographic factors, behavioural variables and self-reported oral-health status. Subjective Vitality Scale, Fatigue Assessment Scale and Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire were used to assess quality of sleep, vitality and fatigue. The duration of sleep in 41.2% of students was < 7 h per night. It was revealed that 11.7% of the students experienced daily disturbed sleep, 20.4% had daily premature awakening and 50.5% presented frequent difficulties awakening. Significant differences were found among disturbed sleep, impaired awakening, vitality and fatigue scales according to several variables: perceived dental health, satisfaction by appearance of own teeth, self-reported gingival condition, mouth rinse frequency and reason for the dental visit, while multiple linear regression analyses revealed that vitality and impaired awakening were independent determinants of self-rated oral and gingival health status. Disturbed sleep index, impaired awakening, fatigue and vitality were positively associated with oral-health related behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that the disturbed sleep index, impaired awakening, fatigue and vitality were associated with oral-health status and behaviour.

[Macular oedema]. / Edemul macular.

Macular edema is a well-known endpoint of ocular diseases, but the pathogenic impact of extra and intracellular fluid accumulation still remains uncertain. While most author favor an extracellular fluid accumulation as the main causative factor, there are indication that Muller cells swelling may also contribute to edema development.

Evaluation of inter-relationship between behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, avoidance, daily stressors and oral health.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interrelationship between behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, avoidance, oral health status and behaviour. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study sample consisted of213 first year dental students. The questionnaire included information about socio-demographic factors, behavioral variables and self-reported oral health status. The Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS; Ottenbreit & Dobson, 2004), BIS/BAS Scale (Carver & White 1994) and DISE scale (Daily Inventory of Stressful Experiences; Almeida et al., 2002) were also used. RESULTS: Self-reported oral health status significantly correlated with BIS (P < 0.05), BAS (P < 0.05) and DISE (P < 0.01). Satisfaction by appearance of own teeth and self-reported gingival condition were also correlated with BIS (P < 0.05, respectively P < 0.01) and DISE (P < 0.05, respectively P < 0.05). Participants with high BIS sensitivity reported more frequently to never use dental flossing than those with low BIS (P = 0.025), while the students with high BAS (Reward Responsiveness and Drive scales) scores showed lower frequency of never using mouthrinse (P = 0.043) and visited their dentist more frequently than those with low BAS scores. 12.5% of the individuals with high levels of avoidance have done last dental visit more than 2 years ago comparing with 6.9% of those with lower levels of avoidance. A high level of daily stressors was linked to an impaired dental health, insatisfaction by appearance of own teeth, toothache during last 3 months, impaired gingival condition and self-reported gum bleeding (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: . Our results have important implications for the focus and content of(preventive) oral health behaviour interventions, emphasizing on teaching patients strategies to counter their difficult behavioral patterns.

Relationship of humour with oral health status and behaviours.

UNLABELLED: A sense of humor and an ability to laugh reduces stress, enhances hope, relieves tension, and stimulates the immune system. This study explored the role of humour on oral health status and behaviors. The factor structure and the construct validity of the Romanian version of the Multidimensional Sense of Humour Scale (MSHS) was also assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study sample consisted of 213 first year dental students. The questionnaire included information about socio-demographic factors, behavioral variables and self-reported oral health status. Sense of humour was assessed using the Multidimensional Sense of Humour Scale (MSHS) (Thorson and Powell, 1993). RESULTS: There was no significant gender difference with regard to total MSHS scale of humour; however, a detailed analysis of the factors and items reveals some differences in constructions of sense of humor between males and females. We have compared the highest and the lowest 30% of individuals with respect to their MSHS humour scores, in order to test the hypothesis that persons in high humour groups would report higher levels of good health than those in low humour groups. It was revealed that four of the dependent variables, oral health status, gingival health status, toothbrushing frequency and dental visit frequency differed significantly among the two groups. It was also shown that participants who flossed their teeth or used mouthwash once a month presented significant lower values of humour thon those who used everyday dental floss or oral mouthrinses. The independent variables (demographic variables [age, gender, tobacco usage] and humour) were regressed on each of the dependent oral health status and behaviour scales. Although the multiple regression analysis on gingival status was non-significant overall, humour contributed a small, but significant 1.51% of the predictive variance, P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required in order to gain a better understanding of the concept of humour and its uses in healthcare.

Self-liking, self-competence, body investment and perfectionism: associations with oral health status and oral-health-related behaviours.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-liking, self-competence, body investment and perfectionism were associated with self-reported oral health status and oral-health-related behaviours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 217 first-year dental students. The questionnaire included information about sociodemographic factors, behavioural variables, self-reported oral health status, self-liking, self-competence, body investment and perfectionism. RESULTS: Significant differences were found on self-liking, self-competence and body investment subscales according to several variables: perceived dental health, current non-treated caries, current extracted teeth, satisfaction by the appearance of own teeth, the last time toothache occurred, self-reported gingival condition and self-reported gum bleeding. When oral health behaviours were analysed, an association between self-liking, self-competence and body investment subscales and flossing, mouthrinse and dental visit pattern was revealed. Toothbrushing frequency once a day or less was observed in persons with low-levels of self-liking, body care, body protection and perfectionism. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that age, gender, smoking habits, anxiety, stress, depression in everyday life, self-liking, self-competence, body image, care and protection were positively associated with oral health behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that self-liking, self-competence and body investment subscales might be the psychosocial risk markers that influence self-reported oral health status and behaviour.

Social desirability, social intelligence and self-rated oral health status and behaviours.

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to examine the impact of social intelligence and social desirability on students' self-rated oral health and oral health-related behaviors. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The present study sample consisted of 217 first year dental students. The questionnaire included information about socio-demographic factors, behavioral factors, self-reported oral health status, social intelligence (Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale-TSIS) and social desirability (Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale short form C). RESULTS: Social desirability was correlated with age, perceived dental health, current nontreated caries, toothache last time, self-reported gum bleeding and reason for the dental visit. Other measures were not influenced by social desirability: current extracted teeth, satisfaction with appearance of own teeth, self-reported gingival condition, daily toothbrushing, flossing, mouthrinse and dental visit frequency. It was revealed that participants with stronger social intelligence tended to evaluate as excellent their self rated oral health status, to be less dissatisfied by the appearance of their teeth, not to have untreated dental decays, extracted teeth (others than third molars) or gingival bleeding, to brush their teeth more than twice a day, to use everyday dental floss and to visit their dentist mainly for check-up or for tooth cleaning and scaling. Multiple regression analyses models demonstrated significant contributions of social awareness, social skills and social information processing were observed to oral health behaviours: toothbrushing, flossing and dental visit frequency. CONCLUSION: The results support the view that social desirability should be considered as a factor which may impact measurements and decisions, while social intelligence has a significant association with oral health behaviours.

[Proliferative vitreoretinopathy]. / Vitreoretinopatia proliferativa.

The most common cause for ultimate failure after retinal reattachment surgery is the development of VRP. I briefly review the pathology, the pathogenesis and classification of PVR, the surgical management and complication of vitreous surgery and possible future advances in the management of PVR.