ABSTRACT
This study compared the transmission of tensions in fresh, fixed and macerated dog mandibles in order to clarify the diversity of behavior of bone tissues under dry and moist conditions. Double-exposure holographic interferometry was applied and holograms were obtained from 12 fresh hemi-mandibles under static load (control group), which were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 6 were fixed in 10% formalin and 6 were macerated. The specimens were submitted to the same initial force and their respective holograms were obtained. Analysis of the holograms showed that the fresh specimens transmitted significantly less tension than the fixed and macerated ones (p<0.05), and the tension direction was different. An average two-fold tension increment was observed in the experimental conditions. The holographic interferometry method was efficient in quantifying and qualifying tension transmission. However, depending on the type of analysis, the anatomical specimens must be fresh because macerated specimens will produce different results.
Subject(s)
Mandible/physiology , Animals , Desiccation , Dogs , Holography , Interferometry , Light , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Random Allocation , Specimen Handling , Stress, Mechanical , Tissue Fixation , WaterABSTRACT
This study compared the transmission of tensions in fresh, fixed and macerated dog mandibles in order to clarify the diversity of behavior of bone tissues under dry and moist conditions. Double-exposure holographic interferometry was applied and holograms were obtained from 12 fresh hemi-mandibles under static load (control group), which were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 6 were fixed in 10 percent formalin and 6 were macerated. The specimens were submitted to the same initial force and their respective holograms were obtained. Analysis of the holograms showed that the fresh specimens transmitted significantly less tension than the fixed and macerated ones (p<0.05), and the tension direction was different. An average two-fold tension increment was observed in the experimental conditions. The holographic interferometry method was efficient in quantifying and qualifying tension transmission. However, depending on the type of analysis, the anatomical specimens must be fresh because macerated specimens will produce different results.
Frente à diversidade de comportamento do tecido ósseo, nas condições seca e úmida, este trabalho comparou a transmissão de tensões em mandíbulas de cães nas seguintes condições: frescas, fixadas e maceradas. Aplicou-se a interferometria holográfica de dupla exposição e os hologramas foram obtidos de 12 hemi-mandíbulas, sob carregamento estático (grupo controle). Em seguida, foram randomizadas em 2 grupos: 6 hemi-mandíbulas foram fixadas em solução de formol a 10 por cento e 6 foram maceradas. As amostras foram submetidas à mesma carga inicial e os respectivos hologramas foram obtidos. A análise dos hologramas mostrou que as amostras frescas transmitiram menos tensão que as amostras fixadas e as maceradas (p<0,05), e também houve diferença na direção percorrida pelas tensões. Em média, os grupos experimentais apresentaram o dobro de tensões em relação ao grupo controle. O método da interferometria holográfica mostrou-se eficiente para avaliar quantitativa e qualitativamente a transmissão das tensões geradas. Entretanto, dependendo do tipo de análise, a peça anatômica deve ser fresca, uma vez que os resultados podem diferir das amostras secas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Mandible/physiology , Desiccation , Holography , Interferometry , Light , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Random Allocation , Specimen Handling , Stress, Mechanical , Tissue Fixation , WaterABSTRACT
The atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein has been revealed. This study was performed to explore the clinical importance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein by measuring its cholesterol content and comparing it with other lipoprotein fractions. Blood samples were obtained from 103 patients whose fasting plasma triglyceride concentration exceeded 300 mg/dl. The cholesterol monitor using the technique of high-performance liquid chromatography was used for the measurement of their plasma cholesterol concentrations and the determination of cholesterol distribution among lipoprotein fractions. This monitor showed 4 peaks: large-triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, small-triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein. Total cholesterol increased with increasing triglyceride. The increment of total cholesterol was nearly equal to that of small-triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol. Small-triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol exceeded low-density lipoprotein cholesterol where plasma triglyceride concentration was over 500 mg/dl. In conclusion, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein may be clinically important for hypertriglyceridemic patients as a source of cholesteryl ester in arteriosclerotic plaques, and increased triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol may be used as a basis for hypertriglyceridemia atherogenicity. Our study suggests that hypertriglyceridemia should be treated to prevent arteriosclerotic disease.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Hypertriglyceridemia/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Arteriosclerosis/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PhenotypeABSTRACT
To assess the usefulness of remnant-like particles (RLPs), which represent potentially atherogenic lipoprotein remnants, as an index of postprandial hyperlipidemia, RLPs and other lipids were measured in 19 healthy adults (23-44 years old) after ingestion of a test meal (fat content, 32.9%). The lipoprotein derivatives, with a marked increase after fat-loading, were triglycerides, retinyl palmitate and RLPs. The retinyl palmitate peak lagged behind the RLP and triglyceride peaks, indicating that it may have different kinetics than RLP and triglyceride. While triglycerides are considered as an index of atherosclerotic risk factor, RLPs also may be a suitable index for evaluating postprandial hyperlipidemia. RLPs remained high even 8 h after fat-loading, suggesting that the postprandial state persists for almost the whole day. Accordingly, it may be important to assess postprandial remnant concentrations.
Subject(s)
Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Hyperlipidemias/blood , Lipoproteins/blood , Adult , Apolipoproteins/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diterpenes , Female , Humans , Male , Postprandial Period , Retinyl Esters , Triglycerides/blood , Vitamin A/analogs & derivatives , Vitamin A/bloodABSTRACT
We developed an automated analytic system for glycated lipoprotein using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an affinity boronate column and a gel permeation column. This system can measure glycated lipoprotein (glycated LDL and glycated HDL) in a small (5 microliters) sample of serum in a short time (40 min/sample). Recovery with this system was 92.1%. Therefore a large number of samples can be measured in clinical use. The system should contribute to an elucidation of the role of glycated lipoprotein in atherosclerosis.
