[Diagnostic performance of 68GA-PSMA PET/CTin patients with prostate cancer].

INTRODUCTION: and aim. Most of the patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy undergo salvage radiotherapy without guidance from imaging. In recent years, there has been an increasing role of Gallium-68 prostate specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in the management of prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2016 to 2017, 19 prostate cancer patients were evaluated by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT at the Urology Clinic of S.P Botkin City Clinical Hospital; 17 of them had a biochemical recurrence and needed restaging of the disease. The age, prostate specific antigen (PSA) values, therapy at the time of the study, and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) were evaluated. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 65 years (interquartile range (IQR) 58.5-70.5), the median total PSA level was 2.36 ng/mL (IQR 1.5-4.19). In 8 of 17 patients, the PSA values did not exceed 2 ng/ml. The median time after radical prostatectomy was 33.2 months. (IQR 12-54.5). Positive PET/CT sites of recurrence were detected in 15 of 17 patients. Nine patients had only one positive site, and in six patients several positive sites were detected. Four patients with PET/CT positive pelvic lymph nodes and/or retroperitoneal space underwent salvage lymphadenectomy. Histological findings confirmed the presence of malignant growth in 3 out of 4 cases. CONCLUSION: 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is an effective tool for the early detection of oligometastatic lesions in recurrent prostate cancer.

[Experience of male transobturator AdVance sling implantation in patients with stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy].

For the period from April 2008 to March 2012, 12 men with mild-to-moderate and severe stress urinary incontinence underwent transobturator AdVance sling implantation. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent assessment, including history taking, physical, and instrumental and laboratory examination. Daily pad test was used as an objective method for the assessment of the degree of urinary incontinence. The use no more than one pad a day was considered as recovery, no more than 2 pads or reduction of the loss of urine by more than 50%--as an improvement. Median follow-up period was 28 months. The success of the operation was achieved in 91.7% of cases. Implantation of the sling led to the significant decrease of urine loss, the number of used pads and improvement of quality of life of patients. Infectious and inflammatory complications of acute urinary retention were not observed. Implantation of male transobturator AdVance sling is effective and safe treatment for patients with stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

Aggregation in colloidal suspensions: evaluation of the role of hydrodynamic interactions by means of numerical simulations.

Numerical simulations constitute a precious tool for understanding the role of key parameters influencing the colloidal arrangement in suspensions, which is crucial for many applications. The present paper investigates numerically the role of hydrodynamic interactions on the aggregation processes in colloidal suspensions. Three simulation techniques are used: Brownian dynamics without hydrodynamic interactions, Brownian dynamics including some of the hydrodynamic interactions, using the Yamakawa-Rotne-Prager tensor, and stochastic rotation dynamics coupled with molecular dynamics. A system of monodisperse colloids strongly interacting through a generalized Lennard-Jones potential is studied for a colloid volume fraction ranging from 2.5 to 20%. Interestingly, effects of the hydrodynamic interactions are shown in the details of the aggregation processes. It is observed that the hydrodynamic interactions slow down the aggregation kinetics in the initial nucleation stage, while they speed up the next cluster coalescence stage. It is shown that the latter is due to an enhanced cluster diffusion in the simulations including hydrodynamic interactions. The higher the colloid volume fraction, the more pronounced the effects on the aggregation kinetics. It is also observed that hydrodynamic interactions slow down the reorganization kinetics. It turns out that the Brownian dynamics technique using the Yamakawa-Rotne-Prager tensor tends to overestimate the effects on cluster diffusion and cluster reorganization, even if it can be a method of choice for very dilute suspensions.

[Combined treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction].

In men of middle and older age group, urination disorders and erectile dysfunction are often combined. The role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in the treatment of these patients remains uninvestigated. Prospective study included 38 patients with urination disorders and erectile dysfunction. The average age of the patients was 63.6 +/- 5.3 years. During first three months of observation, all patients have received alpha-adrenoblocker doxazosin at a dose of 4 mg once daily per os, the next three months--phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor udenafil at a dose of 50 mg once daily per os was added to doxazosin. 3 months after treatment, majority of patients reported improvement of urination. The statistically significant changes in BP and heart rate were not recorded, indicating a satisfactory tolerability and safety of doxazosin. Against the background of combined treatment during next 3 months, progressive improvement of erectile function (IIEF score 12.8 +/- 3.4 vs 18.4 +/- 3.7; p < 0.05), and regression of urination disorders, according to IPSS score (13.4 +/- 1.2 vs 11.2 +/- 1.7; p < 0.05) were observed. Uroflowmetric indicators were not significantly changed. Based on experimental and clinical studies, it was suggested that the dysregulation of NO--cGMP system, pathological activation of Rho-kinase pathways, hyperactivity of autonomic innervation, atherosclerosis and impaired blood flow in the pelvic organs are the common pathophysiological mechanisms for LUTS and erectile dysfunction. The clinical efficacy of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in the treatment of patients with these diseases is explained by its effects on these mechanisms.

[Potentials for the combined therapy of urination disorders in men: the choice of optimal scheme of treatment].

Moderate to severe urination disorders occur in 13-29% of men, and their frequency increases progressively with age. The key for successful use of the capabilities of modern drug therapy is the understanding of the pathophysiological bases of urination disorders. Despite some successes of monotherapy with alpha-adrenoblockers and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, combined use of drugs is appropriate, because the differences in mechanisms of action allows to simultaneously act on the smooth muscle tissue, causing its relax, and reduce the size of prostate by the induction of apoptosis, which ultimately allows to expect the maximum therapeutic effect. The goal of therapy in patients with BPH is not only a reduction in the severity of urination disorders, but the prevention of disease progression. Obviously, urination disorders in men are not always caused by an benign prostate hyperplasia. Hyperactive symptoms (primary and secondary, due to metabolic disorders in detrusor against the background of prolonged existence of bladder outlet obstruction) are revealed in significant proportion of men. In this cases, the use of M-anticholinergics is indicated. Administration of alpha-adrenoblockers and antimuscarinic drugs is one of potential variant of combined therapy. Thus, it is important to follow the principles of selectivity in patients with urination disorders. Modern pharmacotherapy has an arsenal of drugs, allowing to choose the drug therapy for patients with urination disorders depending on the prevalence of their types.

Tracer diffusion in colloidal suspensions under dilute and crowded conditions with hydrodynamic interactions.

We consider tracer diffusion in colloidal suspensions under solid loading conditions, where hydrodynamic interactions play an important role. To this end, we carry out computer simulations based on the hybrid stochastic rotation dynamics-molecular dynamics (SRD-MD) technique. Many details of the simulation method are discussed in detail. In particular, our choices for the SRD-MD parameters and for the different scales are adapted to simulating colloidal suspensions under realistic conditions. Our simulation data are compared with published theoretical, experimental and numerical results and compared to Brownian dynamics simulation data. We demonstrate that our SRD-MD simulations reproduce many features of the hydrodynamics in colloidal fluids under finite loading. In particular, finite-size effects and the diffusive behavior of colloids for a range of volume fractions of the suspension show that hydrodynamic interactions are correctly included within the SRD-MD technique.

[Identification of the gene whose mutation leads to the appearance of recessive lethal germlings in Arabidopsis thaliana].

The data are presented on genetic and molecular-genetic analysis of a mutant from the collection of morphological insertion mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana we obtained earlier, which belongs to the phenotypic class of recessive lethal germlings. A nucleotide DNA sequence, 147 bp in size, was identified, which adheres to the left border area of T-DNA insertion. The site of localization of the insertion was determined using computer analysis.

[Identification of the gene whose mutation leads to hypocotyl tropism in Arabidopsis thaliana].

Genetic and molecular analysis of a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana with bended hypocotyl from a previously obtained collection of insertion mutants is presented. The examined mutation was shown to be recessive and based on a single insertion of pLD3 vector T-region into the A. thaliana genome. Computer-aided analysis of a DNA region adjacent to the left border of the insertion revealed a putative site of T-DNA insertion, the At1g15760 gene from 609-bp chromosome 1 represented by a single exon.

[Identification of the gene whose mutation leads to the morphological changes in the hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana].

The results of genetic and molecular genetic analysis of line 176 of Arabidopsis thaliana with reduced hypocotyls obtained from a previously obtained collection of insertion mutants, are presented. The examined mutation proved to be recessive and based on a single insertion of the T-DNA vector pLD3 into the A. thaliana genome. Computer-aided analysis of the DNA region adjacent to the left border of the insertion revealed a putative site of T-DNA insertion, the 2.5-kb At2g09920 gene located in the long arm of chromosome 2, near the centromere.

[Saving insertional recessive lethal mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana]. / Spasenie insertsionnykh retsessivnykh letal'nykh mutantov Arabidopsis thaliana.

A group of 13 recessive lethal mutants was selected on the basis of the collection of Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants with insertions of T-DNA vector plasmid pLD3 or pPCVRN4, which was produced by agrobacterial transformation of germinating seeds. The use of media containing exogenous hormones made it possible to compensate the lethal effect, identify phenotypes, and characterize six lines of recessive lethal germlings using genetic and molecular-genetic methods.

[Creation of a collection of morphological insertional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana]. / Sozdanie kollektsii morfologicheskikh insertsionnykh mutantov Arabidopsis thaliana.

A collection of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants has been obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The genomes of the transgenic plants contain insertions of T-DNA of the vector plasmids pLD3 or pPCVRN4. Genes bearing T-DNA insertions were shown to constitute 12-18% of the total number of A. thaliana genes. Seventy-five lines have been chosen from the collection and subjected to genetic and molecular-genetic analysis. Of these, 5 were dominant mutants, and 70, recessive insertion mutants with various morphological defects. Identification of mutant phenotypes and genetic characterization of the transgenic lines have been performed with the use of nutrient media supplemented with exogenous hormones, which revealed five recessive lethal mutants and one dominant sterile mutant.

[Hormone-dependent insertional Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with decreased viability and fertility]. / Gormon-zavisimye insertsionnye mutanty Arabidopsis thaliana so snizhennoi zhiznesposobnost'iu i fertil'nost'iu.

We present data on the phenotype identification and genetic analysis of offspring in three lines of dominant morphological mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana having drastically reduced fertility (a sterile calluslike mutant, a flower mutant, and a dwarf mutant) and in five lines of recessive morphological mutants (four mutants with lethal seedlings and one pigmentation mutant). The mutants were selected from a collection of transgenic plants that had genomes carrying a T-DNA insertion of plasmid vectors pLD3 and pPCVRN4; the collection was created earlier via agrobacterial transformation of germinating seeds. The results presented here were obtained using compensation of hormonal imbalance in the insertional morphological mutants of A. thaliana by exogenous hormones.

[Identification of mutant gene responsible for cotyledons necrosis in developing seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana]. / Identifikatsiia gena, mutatsiia v kotorom obuslovlivaet vozniknovenie nekrozov semiadolei pri razvitii prorostkov Arabidopsis thaliana.

Genetic and molecular analyses of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant with necrotic cotyledons from the collection of insertion mutants obtained earlier were conducted. The mutation under study showed incomplete dominance and represented a single insertion of the T region of pLD3 vector used for transformation of germinating seeds to the plant genome during the creation of the collection. Using TAIL-PCR, a fragment of the mutant DNA adjacent to the left border of the T-DNA insertion was isolated and sequenced. Computer r-aided analysis showed that the insertion was located on the left arm of chromosome 1. The open reading frame containing the insertion has one exon and encodes a protein of 446 amino acids, whose functions are unknown.

[Identification of a gene, included in control of root system development in Arabidopsis thaliana]. / Identifikatsiia gena, vkliuchennogo v kontrol' razvitiia kornevoi sistemy u Arabidopsis thaliana.

Genetic and molecular genetic analysis of a lethal root mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was carried out. The mutant was obtained from a collection created earlier by means of insertion mutagenesis. The mutation was found to be recessive. It was caused by an insertion of the T region of vector pLD3 used for transformation of germinating seeds when creating the collection of insertion mutants. A 118-bp DNA fragment flanking the left border of the insertion was isolated using the TAIL PCR technique, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Computer analysis of this DNA region demonstrated that it was located in exon 32 of the YUP8HI2R.44 gene in chromosome 1.

[Skin micro-hemangioma]. / Kozhnyi mikrogemangiomatoz.

Microhemangiomas (MHA) observed on the skin are known under different terms: Tuzhilin's "red drops", senile hemangiomas, Campbell de Morgan spots, scrotal angiokeratomas Fordyce-Satton. Examination of 46 healthy subjects and 241 patients aged 15 to 76 years having different diseases has found that MHA occur both in healthy subjects and patients with different diseases. The number and size of MHA increase with age. The condition seems inheritable. Histologically, MHA are cavernous hemangiomas with thick connective tissue septa making impossible MHA dehematizing in diascopy. The conclusion is made on diagnostic insignificance of skin MHA.