ABSTRACT
From 5,003 files of adopted children, 65 deprived children, defined as abused and/or neglected during infancy, were strictly selected with particular reference to two criteria: (i) They were adopted between 4 and 6 years of age, and (ii) they had an IQ <86 (mean = 77, SD = 6.3) before adoption. The average IQs of adopted children in lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) families were 85 (SD = 17) and 98 (SD = 14.6), respectively, at adolescence (mean age = 13.5 years). The results show (i) a significant gain in IQ dependent on the SES of the adoptive families (mean = 7.7 and mean = 19.5 IQ points in low and high SES, respectively), (ii) IQs after adoption are significantly correlated with IQs before adoption, and (iii) during adolescence, verbal IQs are significantly lower than performance IQs.
Subject(s)
Adoption/psychology , Intelligence , Adolescent , Child , Child Abuse , France , Humans , Intelligence Tests , Psychosocial Deprivation , Socioeconomic FactorsSubject(s)
Survivors/psychology , Warfare , Aggression , Child , Humans , Psychology, Child , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Neither scientific analysis nor warmhearted concern are adequate to provide a practical understanding of how wars affect children. Without rejecting either approach, however, the author shows how a balanced idea of the problem can be formed. Drawing on his knowledge as a neuropsychiatrist and his experience as a child in wartime, he reviews the causes and effects of the sufferings involved, and makes some suggestions for a practical response.
Subject(s)
Child Welfare , Violence/psychology , Warfare , Child , Family/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Based on personal experience and the results of a survey among 78 families, the author analyses the psychological, social and economical consequences of severe mental retardation for the parents of the sick child. The most important consequences are psychological and socio-economic: guilt feelings, social isolation and risk of parental separation. The disclosure of the child's handicap yields to various reactions: psychological shock at first, then denial of the handicap, depression, followed in some parents with acceptance and fear for the future of their child after their own death.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability , Parent-Child Relations , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Psychology , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Institutional abuse comprises a structural aspect directly bound to the institutional area itself as well as direct abuses of all kinds which are committed by members of the staff. Such direct abuses can be felt by those who enact them or by observers as being legal in their context or as illicit and therefore concealed. Information about violence in institutions is rarely found in scientific literature. Some books, usually underground, and newspapers deal with the problem. Testimony from professionals working within institutions may not be justified or may be flawed by ulterior motive. However, when correctly decyphered and interpreted, it is absolutely necessary. Enquiries are difficult and not always conclusive. The paper presents a typology of "violent" institutions and proposes some recommendations to make this problem better known.
Subject(s)
Adolescent, Institutionalized , Child Abuse , Child, Institutionalized , Violence , Adolescent , Child , Data Collection/methods , Documentation , France , Health Facility Administration , Health Occupations , Humans , Models, Psychological , Newspapers as Topic , Psychiatry , Sex OffensesABSTRACT
Handicaps in childhood often go by 2 or 3, more often than usually said. Multiple handicaps create difficult problems as to their diagnosis and care. On the basis of an epidemiological survey conducted in the Paris area, the authors underline the frequency of behavioral problems as supplementary handicap, and the role and importance of the mental deficiency in multiple handicaps in childhood, the most frequency associations according to the level of mental deficiency, the social factors significantly associated with the mental handicap, in terms of inequality of risks and inequality of access to health care and rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Disabled Persons , Intellectual Disability/complications , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/complications , Child Health Services/supply & distribution , Humans , Intellectual Disability/epidemiology , Movement Disorders/complications , Paris , Perceptual Disorders/complications , Population Surveillance , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic FactorsSubject(s)
Anxiety , Body Image , Psychology, Adolescent , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Puberty , Self Concept , Sexual MaturationSubject(s)
Adolescent Psychiatry/methods , Psychotherapy , Residential Facilities , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Psychotherapy/methods , Relaxation TherapySubject(s)
Cestode Infections/veterinary , Foxes , Gallbladder/pathology , Animals , Cestode Infections/pathology , FemaleSubject(s)
Child Health Services/supply & distribution , Disabled Persons , Intellectual Disability/epidemiology , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Disabled Persons/classification , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Hearing Disorders/epidemiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Humans , Intellectual Disability/complications , Male , Mental Health Services/supply & distribution , Movement Disorders/epidemiology , Paris , Sex Ratio , Vision Disorders/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Failure rates observed (13 +/- 6 percent for school failures, 17 +/- 5 percent for scores below 95 on a collective IQ test) were far below those expected from the social class of birth (55 percent, 51 percent) or observed in a control group (56 +/- 8 percent, 49 +/- 9 percent) but close to those expected from the social class of adoption (15 percent, 15 percent).
