[Effects of different perlite additions on physical and chemical properties of sewage sludge compost and growth of Tagetes patula].

In order to resolve the problem of poor permeability of sewage sludge compost (SSC) which was used as the substitution of peat, perlite was used to regulate the permeability of the sewage. The pure SSC was used as control. The proportions of perlite in the mixtures with SSC were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (V/V), respectively. The effects of different perlite ratios on the physical and chemical properties and the growth of Tagetes patula were studied. The bulk density, water holding porosity and water holding porosity to aeration porosity decreased, but the total porosity and aeration porosity increased with the increasing addition of perlite to the SSC. For the chemical properties, the pH increased, and the EC and nutrient contents decreased with the increasing addition of perlite to the SSC. The aboveground biomass and flowers of T. patula were the highest in the 60% perlite treatment, and the lowest in the pure SSC treatment. The root morphology and activity were the best in the 40%, 60% and 80% perlite treatments. Aeration was the strongest factor to impact the maximum root length and average root diameter. Perlite promoted the growth of T. patula mainly through impacting the physical properties of the SSC. The addition of 60% perlite to the SSC could significantly improve the poor aeration and decrease the high salinity greatly in the SSC and regulate the growth of the root and aboveground of T. patula.

Diaqua-bis-(5-carb-oxy-2-ethyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl-ato-κ(2)N(3),O(4))cobalt(II) trihydrate.

In the title compound, [Co(C(7)H(7)N(2)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·3H(2)O, the Co(II) cation, located on an inversion center, is N,O-chelated by two 5-carboxy-2-ethyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate anions and further coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Only one carboxy group of the anion is deprotonated, and the two carboxyl groups of the same anion are linked via an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond. One of the lattice water mol-ecules is located on an inversion center, its H atom equally disordered over two positions. One of H atoms of another lattice water mol-ecules is also equally disordered over two sites. Water H atoms and the amino H atom all are involved in an inter-molecular hydrogen-bonded network in the crystal.

cis-Tetra-aqua-bis-{5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-κN(3))phen-yl]tetra-zolido}manganese(II) dihydrate.

In the title compound, [Mn(C(10)H(7)N(6))(2)(H(2)O)(4)]·2H(2)O, the Mn(2+) lies on a twofold rotation axis and is six-coordinated by two N atoms from the cis-related monodentate 5-[4-(imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]tetra-zolide ligands and four O atoms from the coordinated water mol-ecules. The complex mol-ecules are connected via water O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and weak π-π stacking inter-actions between the benzene rings [minimum ring centroid separation = 3.750 (6) Å] into a three-dimensional polymeric structure. The imidazolyl group of the ligand is partially disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.531 (7):0.469 (7).

Tetra-aqua-bis-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-κN(3))benzoato]cobalt(II).

In the title compound, [Co(C(10)H(7)N(2)O(2))(2)(H(2)O)(4)], the Co(II) atom lies on an inversion centre and displays a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry. The coordination sphere is defined by two mutually trans N atoms from two 4-(imidazol-1-yl)benzoate ligands and the O atoms from four water mol-ecules. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

catena-Poly[(diaqua-strontium)-bis-{µ-5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]tetra-zolido}].

In the title complex polymer, [Sr(C(10)H(7)N(6))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), the Sr(II) atom lies on an inversion centre and is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate bridging trans-related 5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]tetra-zolide ligands [Sr-N = 2.387 (4) Šfor the tetrazolide moiety and Sr-N = 2.273 (5) Šfor the imidazole moiety], and by two O atoms from water mol-ecules [Sr-O = 2.464 (4) Å], giving a distorted octa-hedral coordination. Pairs of ligand bridges link the complex units, forming chains which extend along [111] and are inter-associated through O(water)-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, giving a two-dimensional network structure parallel to (001). Weak π-π stacking inter-actions between the benzene and imidazole rings are also present [minimum ring centroid separation = 3.691 (4) Å].

catena-Poly[(trans-diaqua-cadmium)-bis-{µ-5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]tetra-zol-1-ido}].

In the title compound, [Cd(C(10)H(7)N(6))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the Cd(II) atom lies on an inversion centre and is coordinated by four N atoms from 5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]tetra-zol-1-ide ligands and two O atoms from the coordinated water mol-ecules in an octa-hedral arrangement. The complex polymeric chains are inter-connected via inter-molecular water O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

5-[4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]-1H-tetra-zole.

In the title compound, C(10)H(8)N(6), the tetra-zole and benzene rings are close to being coplanar [dihedral angle = 9.90 (16)°], but the imidazole ring is rotated 37.18 (09)° out of the benzene plane. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected through tetra-zole-imidazole N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, giving rise to zigzag chains, which extend along [010].

5H-Imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline.

The title mol-ecule, C(13)H(8)N(4), is is essentially planar [r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.025 (3) Å]. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected through one weak bifurcated N-H⋯(N,N) hydrogen bond and three π-π stacking inter-actions between pyridine and imidazole rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.631 (8) Å] and between pyridine and benzene rings [centroid-centroid distances = 3.675 (5) and 3.666 (2) Å].

Diaqua-bis-(5-carb-oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl-ato-κN,O)cadmium N,N-dimethyl-formamide disolvate.

In the title complex, [Cd(C(8)H(9)N(2)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·2C(3)H(7)NO, the six-coordinate Cd(II) ion is in a slightly distorted octa-hedral environment, defined by two O atoms from two coordinated water mol-ecules and two carboxyl-ate O atoms and two N atoms from two N,O-bidentate 5-carb-oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl-ate ligands. In the crystal, complex mol-ecules and dimethyl-formamide solvent mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional supra-molecular structure. The propyl groups of the ligands are disordered over two conformations with refined occupancies of 0.680 (7) and 0.320 (7).

3-Carb-oxy-5-(pyridinium-4-yl)benzoate: a redetermination.

The title compound, C(13)H(9)NO(4), crystallizes in a zwitterionic form with the pyridine N atom protonated and the carboxyl OH group deprotonated. The benzene and pyridinium rings are inclined with a dihedral angle of 31.42 (14)° between them. A previous report of this stucture claims, we believe incorrectly, that neither of the carboxyl-ate groups is deprotonated [Zhang et al. (2010 ▶). Acta Cryst. E66, o2928-o2928]. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions link adjacent mol-ecules into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Diaqua-bis-(5-carb-oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl-ato-κN,O)cobalt(II) 3.5-hydrate.

In the title complex, [Co(C(8)H(9)N(2)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·3.5H(2)O, the Co(II) cation is six-coordinated by two H(2)pimda(-) ligands (H(3)pimda is 2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-carboxylic acid) and two water mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral environment. The crystal structures features a three-dimensional network stabilized by extensive O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The propyl groups of the ligands are disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.673 (8):0.327 (8) and 0.621 (17):0.379 (17). One of the water mol-ecules is located on a site with half-occupancy.