Oro-Dental Health and Primary Nephrotic Syndrome among Vietnamese Children.

Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is common in children, affecting the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. This study aimed to investigate the percentage of dental caries, gingivitis, hypertrophic gingivitis, and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in children with PNS. The association of PNS with these diseases and oral care behavior was also assessed. A total of 407 children with PNS and 407 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. PNS was diagnosed based on blood and urinary tests. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), the Gingival Index (GI), the Gingival Overgrowth Index (GOI), the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (dmft/DMFT), and DDE were collected. The PNS patients showed significantly higher scores of OHI-S, GI, and dmft, and higher proportions of dental caries and DDE than those of the controls (p < 0.001). It is necessary to establish a periodic dental protocol for PNS patients to improve their oral health status.

Family based and case-control designs reveal an association of TFAP2A in nonsyndromic cleft lip only among Vietnamese population.

AIMS: Dozens of causative genes and their mechanisms of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) were revealed through genome-wide association and linkage studies. Results were, however, not always replicated in different populations or methodologies. This study used case-control and family based approaches to investigate the etiology of NSCL/P and its two subtypes: nonsyndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) among the Vietnamese population. METHODS: Two hundred and seventeen NSCL/P case-parent trios (one affected child and two parents), including 105 NSCLO and 112 NSCLP were involved for a family based design; and 273 ethnic and region-matched healthy controls with no cleft history in their families were recruited for a case-control design. Three SNPs consisting of TFAP2A (rs1675414 and rs303048) and 8q24 (rs987525) were genotyped using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS: TFAP2A rs1675414 was associated with NSCLO, replicated by both case-control and family based tests. Other SNPs yielded no evidence of susceptibility to NSCL/P or two subtypes. CONCLUSION: The current investigation suggests an intriguing role of TFAP2A in the etiology of NSCLO among the Vietnamese population.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta and Caries in Osteogenesis Imperfecta among Vietnamese Children.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by increased bone fragility and low bone mass, caused mainly by mutations in collagen type I encoding genes. The current study aimed to evaluate dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), oral manifestations and caries status of OI children. Sixty-eight children (41 males, 27 females) aged from 3 to 17 years old (mean 9 ± 4.13) participated in the study. Participants were classified into three OI type groups (I-2 cases, III-31 cases and IV-35 cases). Clinical examination and an orthopantomogram were used to obtain prevalences and associations of DI, caries status, malocclusion, crossbite, open bite, eruption, impaction and missing teeth with OI. The prevalence of DI among OI patients was 47.1%, more common in OI type III than type IV. The yellow-brown discoloration type was more vulnerable to attrition than the opalescent-grey one in the primary dentition. OI seemed not to have a high risk of caries; the prevalence of caries was 69.1%. A high incidence of malocclusion, crossbite and open bite was observed. In-depth oral information would provide valuable data for better dental management in OI patients. Parents and general doctors should pay more attention to dental care to prevent caries and premature tooth loss.