Numerical Model of SPAD-Based Direct Time-of-Flight Flash LIDAR CMOS Image Sensors.

We present a Montecarlo simulator developed in Matlab® for the analysis of a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD)-based Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) flash Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system. The simulation environment has been developed to accurately model the components of a flash LIDAR system, such as illumination source, optics, and the architecture of the designated SPAD-based CMOS image sensor. Together with the modeling of the background noise and target topology, all of the fundamental factors that are involved in a typical LIDAR acquisition system have been included in order to predict the achievable system performance and verified with an existing sensor.