Impact of aluminum phosphide on development of the forensically important fly, Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae) is among the earliest successional fauna on human and animal cadavers. Some immature Calliphoridae can be useful for determination of post-mortem interval. Toxins, particularly pesticides, can affect the rate of insect growth. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is an affordable insecticide that has not been adequately entomotoxicologically evaluated. So, the impact of AlP on the developmental rate of different stages of C. albiceps was investigated. Larvae of C. albiceps were reared on the rabbit carcasses containing AlP as a treated group, and distilled water as a control group. The substances were administered by a gastric tube. The duration needed for development of C. albiceps stages was documented. Body length, width and weight of larvae were measured after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from egg hatching. The duration of development increased significantly in the treated group compared to the control group. Larvae body measurements were significantly smaller in the treated group than in the control group. Therefore, it was demonstrated that AlP significantly influences the size of C. albiceps larvae and extends their development. During forensic application, interpretation of C. albiceps data should be used with caution when aluminum phosphide may be the cause of death.

Bio-efficacy of aluminum phosphide and cypermethrin against some physiological and biochemical aspects of Chrysomya megacephala maggots.

Carrion flies play a significant role in forensic entomotoxicology, where they are employed as alternative samples when traditional samples are unavailable. In situations of poisoned death, these toxins disrupt insect development and affect forensic entomology analyses. So, forensic entomotoxicologists must be aware of this impact. The present study aimed to determine the effects of aluminum phosphide (AlP) and cypermethrin (CP) on the biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes of the third instar of Chrysomya megacephala maggots. C. megacephala was reared on normal and poisoned rabbit carcasses with aluminum phosphide and cypermethrin. The third larval instar of C. megacephala was studied using by spectrophotometer for detection of total protein, (TP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione s-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results indicated to significantly decrease of TP, TAC, SOD, GST and CAT and increase of AST, ALT and MDA in the maggots reared on the poisoned carcasses with AlP or CP compared with control group. In conclusion, the tested insecticides brought about a decrease antioxidant enzyme activity and increase of MDA could be involved in free radicals in C. megacephala larvae leading to oxidative stress by these insecticidal components.

Impact Fed Larvae on Residues (Tramadol, Sildenafil Citrate and Diazepam) Chrysomya albiceps on Enzymes.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i> are the insects most commonly associated with corpses, they are of medical and forensic value and thus their immature stages are used to estimate the post mortem interval (PMI) and may provide medicolegal experts essential information regardless of the time, place and cause of death. The current study's goal was to determine the impacts of these pharmaceuticals compounds in some of the biochemical parameters enzymes of the <i>C. albiceps</i> third instar larvae. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The experiment was performed from April to June, 2018. <i>C. albiceps</i> was fed rabbit tissues during its development for three generations tramadol is administered an overdose of (30.8 mg kg¹), sildenafil citrate an overdose of (10.26 mg kg¹) and diazepam an overdose of dissolved in distilled water (4.06 mg kg¹), by intra-injection into the abdominal cavity twice daily for one week and rabbits injected with distilled water were also used to raise the control group. <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i> larvae in their third instars measured enzymes by using a spectrophotometer. <b>Results:</b> The results indicated to significantly increase of antioxidant enzymes activity of control group of TP, TAC, SOD, GST and CAT and decrease of MDA and significantly decreased of TP, TAC, SOD, GST and CAT and increase of MDA for the tramadol, sildenafil and diazepam groups for the three generations of larvae, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, the evidence suggested that decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and increase of MDA might be involved in the production of free radicals in <i>C. albiceps</i> oxidative stress is caused by these pharmaceuticals compounds.