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1.
Quant Imaging Med Surg ; 13(12): 7680-7694, 2023 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38106259

ABSTRACT

Background: Radiomics features hold significant value as quantitative imaging biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response assessment. To generate radiomics features and ultimately develop signatures, various factors can be manipulated, including image discretization parameters (e.g., bin number or size), convolutional filters, segmentation perturbation, or multi-modality fusion levels. Typically, only one set of parameters is employed, resulting in a single value or "flavour" for each radiomics feature. In contrast, we propose "tensor radiomics" (TR) where tensors of features calculated using multiple parameter combinations (i.e., flavours) are utilized to optimize the creation of radiomics signatures. Methods: We provide illustrative instances of TR implementation in positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CT by leveraging machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methodologies, as well as reproducibility analyses: (I) to predict overall survival (OS) in lung cancer (CT) and head and neck cancer (PET-CT), TR was employed by varying bin sizes. This approach involved use of a hybrid deep neural network called 'TR-Net' and two ML-based techniques for combining different flavours. (II) TR was constructed by incorporating different segmentation perturbations and various bin sizes to classify the response of late-stage lung cancer to first-line immunotherapy using CT images. (III) In MRI of glioblastoma (GBM), TR was implemented to generate multi-flavour radiomics features, enabling enhanced analysis and interpretation. (IV) TR was employed via multiple PET-CT fusions in head and neck cancer. Flavours based on different fusions were created using Laplacian pyramids and wavelet transforms. Results: Our findings demonstrated that TR outperformed conventional radiomics features in lung cancer CT and head and neck cancer PET-CT images, significantly enhancing OS prediction accuracy. TR also improved classification of lung cancer response to therapy and exhibited notable advantages in reproducibility compared to single-flavour features in MR imaging of GBM. Moreover, in head and neck cancer, TR through multiple PET-CT fusions exhibited improved performance in predicting OS. Conclusions: We conclude that the proposed TR paradigm has significant potential to improve performance in different medical imaging tasks. By incorporating multiple flavours of radiomics features, TR overcomes limitations associated with individual features and shows promise in enhancing prognostic capabilities in clinical settings.

2.
PET Clin ; 16(4): 449-469, 2021 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34537126

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence has witnessed exponential growth in the past decade. Advances in computing power and the design of sophisticated artificial intelligence algorithms have enabled computers to outperform humans in a variety of tasks. Yet, artificial intelligence's path has never been smooth, having essentially fallen apart twice in its lifetime after periods of popular success. We provide a brief rundown of artificial intelligence's evolution, highlighting its crucial moments and major turning points from inception to the present. In doing so, we attempt to learn, anticipate the future, and discuss what steps may be taken to prevent another winter.


Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , Machine Learning , Algorithms , Forecasting , Humans
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