[Efficiency and safety of phenazopyridine for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection: results of multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical study].

AIM: to evaluate the efficiency and safety of phenazopyridine for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection, accompanied by pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with parallel groups to evaluate the efficacy and safety of phenazopyridine in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis was performed. A total of 60 women were divided into two groups of 30 patients. In the main group (average age 32.6+/-7.4 years) phenazopyridine was prescribed (2 tablets of 100 mg p.o., with a total dose of 200 mg, once). In the control group, patients (mean age 35.53+/-8.79 years) received a placebo according to the same scheme. To evaluate the efficiency of treatment, the severity of the main symptoms 6 hours after taking the drug was analyzed. After that, patients started antibiotic therapy. They were followed-up for the next three days. The tolerance of therapy was evaluated by the presence of adverse events. RESULTS: All 30 patients taking phenazopyridine had an improvement after 6 hours, and the most frequent response was "significant improvement" (43.3%). The responses of patients in the main group significantly (p<0.05) differed from responses of patients in the control group. Six hours after taking phenazopyridine/placebo, the severity of all values according to VAS score, including the degree of general discomfort, pain during urination and increased frequency of urination improved significantly in the main group compared to the control group. The average assessment of general discomfort in the main group decreased by 53.4% in comparison with 28.8% in the control group, while the severity of pain during urination and urination frequency decreased by 57.4 vs. 35.9% and 39.6 vs. 27.6%, respectively. An analysis of the time before the complete absence of the general discomfort was performed. In the main group this period of time was significantly less than in the control group (p<0.05). There were no serious adverse events while taking phenazopyridine. Rate of adverse events was comparable between two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that phenazopyridine is an effective and well-tolerated drug for symptomatic therapy in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis and can be recommended in addition to etiological therapy.

[COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CURRENT METHODS OF ANESTHESIA IN PERFORMANCE OF TRANSRECTAL PROSTATE BIOPSY].

Prostate biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is largely used in prostate cancer diagnostics. This procedure is usually quite painful and fear of pain could scare patients from this important research. The aim of the study was to compare methods of anesthesia for prostate biopsy. The patients were divided into 4 groups (40 patients in each group). TRUS-guided periprostatic anesthesia with 1% solution of lidocaine (10 ml) was carried out in the first group. An intrarectal introduction of 5 g EMLA cream (lidocaine 2,5% and prilocaine 2,5%) was applied in the second group. The intrarectal introduction of 10% lidocaine spray (3 doses) was used in the third group. Placebo as ultrasonic gel was utilized for the fourth group. The authors used the 100-score linear visual analog scale (LVS 1-100) and 5-score numeric visual scale (NVS-4). Minimal scores of pain were obtained in patients using TRUS-guided periprostatic anesthesia with 1% solution of lidocaine (10 ml). This type of anesthesia didn't lead to increase of the number of complications.

[The operative cystoscope with joystick control mechanism of flexible tools inserted into the urinary bladder and the ureter].

The authors developed an operative cystoscope with joystick control mechanism of ureter catheters and other flexible tools. This construction allowed control of flexible tools inserted into the bladder and the ureter in various directions, thus providing a necessary observation of the operative field at endoscopic operations on the bladder and ureter. This was one of the factors, which determined the operation success.

[Local anesthesia with articain in operative interventions in urology].

The aim of the work was to improve the technique of local anesthesia with "ultrakain D-S" in surgical operations in urology. The research included 50 patients with penis diseases, 70 patients with diseases of the scrotum body, 40 patients with various prostate diseases complicated by acute urinary retention. Operative interventions in the patients were carried out with "ultrakain D-S". The control group consisted of patients with similar pathology and operations under local anesthesia, but with lidocain as anesthesia. The data obtained show that in more pronounced anesthetizing effect of "ultrakain D-S" the quantity of the injected drug was less as well as the time necessary for getting anesthesia was shorter than in the control group.

[The density of prostate specific antigen of the transition zone as an early predictor of prostate cancer].

The investigation included 98 patients with the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) of blood serum from 0 to 10 ng/ml and with the diagnosis confirmed by the systemic 12-points prostate biopsy. The data obtained clearly show that the PSA density of the transition zone is a potentially true predictor for the early prostate cancer diagnosis in patients with low and middle PSA level (from 0 to 10 ng/ml). When the threshold level of the PSE density in the transition zone is 0.35 ng/ml/cc, its sensitivity and specificity are higher than these indices for the PSA density.

[Role of density of prostate-specific antigen transitory zone in early diagnosis of prostate cancer].

The paper discusses the 5-year results of early diagnosis of prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen density and prostate-specific antigen transitory zone density, which improves differential diagnosis efficiency.