ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We performed a cross-sectional study with the main aim of evaluating occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in workers involved in the pavement construction of a new highway in Northern Italy, where modified bitumen was used as binder for Hot Mix Asphalt. METHODS: We applied a combined approach of air and biological monitoring. Both the aerosol and vapour phases of bitumen were collected applying the NIOSH 5506 method. The 16 PAHs listed as high priority by EPA were determined by HPLC-UV. End-of-shift urine samples were collected from 144 workers to determine 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol (2-NAP) concentrations after enzyme digestion and HPLC-UV analysis. Socio-demographic and lifestyle information was collected by a questionnaire. RESULTS: Paving workers were actually exposed to PAHs, including carcinogenic compounds, that were measurable only in the aerosol phase. Higher exposure as well as dose levels were measured for the paver group. Biological monitoring confirmed that 1-OHP was less affected by smoking habits as compared to 2-NAP and showed a higher association with occupational exposure. CONCLUSION: Carcinogenic PAH compounds were detectable only in the aerosol phase and this must be taken into account in the adoption of preventive measures. Biomonitoring supported the superiority of 1-OHP as compared to 2-NAP in assessing the internal dose in such workers.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/urine , Construction Industry , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Hydrocarbons/analysis , Inhalation Exposure , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/urine , Adult , Aerosols , Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Environmental Biomarkers , Gases , Humans , Hydrocarbons/adverse effects , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Italy , Male , Middle Aged , Naphthols/urine , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/adverse effects , Pyrenes/urine , Renal Elimination , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Assessment , Urinalysis , Young AdultABSTRACT
This paper reports about the lab scale results obtained by using stabilized bottom ash (SBA) from an Italian municipal solid waste incinerator as aggregates in cement-bound mixes and asphalt concretes for road pavements. The investigation focused on SBA content. From the road construction point of view, performance related to compaction, volumetric and mechanical properties were assessed. The environmental aspects were investigated performing leaching tests. The results suggested that SBA satisfied the environmental Italian law for reuse of non-hazardous waste but affected significantly the stress-strain behavior of the final products. Therefore a maximum percentage of 10% was suggested.
