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1.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 37(2): 210-219, 2020.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32876208

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and the clinical, bacteriological and cerebrospinal fluid characteristics of neonatal meningitis in Lima hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, multicenter study was conducted in six hospitals in the city of Lima during 1 year of epidemiological surveillance. RESULTS: The cumulative hospital incidence was 1.4 cases per 1000 live births. A total of 53 cases of neonatal meningitis were included, 34% (18/53) were early and 66% (35/53) late. The associated maternal factors were meconium-stained amniotic fluid and urinary tract infection. Insufficient prenatal check-ups were found in 58.8% (30/51). The most associated neonatal factor was sepsis. The main symptoms were fever, irritability, hypoactivity and respiratory distress. Pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was significant, without predominance of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMN), hypoglycorrhagia and proteinorrhagia. The most frequent pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. CONCLUSIONS: The hospital incidence of neonatal meningitis was 1.4 per 1000 live births, being ten times higher in preterm infants. Breathing difficulty was the most frequent symptom in the early stage, while fever and irritability in the late stage. CSF showed pleocytosis without predominance of PMN. The most frequent germs were Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Ventriculitis and hydrocephalus were the most common neurological complications.


OBJETIVO: Determinar la incidencia y las características clínicas, bacteriológicas y del líquido cefalorraquídeo de la meningitis neonatal en hospitales de Lima. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, multicéntrico en seis hospitales de la ciudad de Lima, con una vigilancia epidemiológica durante un año. RESULTADOS: La incidencia acumulada hospitalaria fue de 1,4 casos por mil nacidos vivos. Fueron incluidos 53 casos de meningitis neonatal, 34% (18/53) fueron tempranos y 66% (35/53) tardíos. Los factores maternos asociados fueron líquido amniótico meconial e infección de tracto urinario. El 58,8% (30/51) presentó controles prenatales insuficientes. El factor neonatal más asociado fue sepsis. Los principales síntomas fueron fiebre, irritabilidad, hipoactividad y dificultad respiratoria. En el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) se destacó la pleocitosis, sin predominio de polimorfonucleares (PMN), hipoglucorraquia y proteinorraquia. Los patógenos aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Escherichia coli y Listeria monocytogenes. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia hospitalaria de meningitis neonatal fue de 1,4 por mil nacidos vivos, siendo diez veces mayor en prematuros. La dificultad respiratoria fue el síntoma más frecuente en la forma temprana, mientras que la fiebre e irritabilidad en la forma tardía. El LCR mostró pleocitosis sin predominio de PMN. Los gérmenes más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli y Listeria monocytogenes. La ventriculitis e hidrocefalia fueron las complicaciones neurológicas más comunes.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn, Diseases , Meningitis , Cities/epidemiology , Hospitals , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Meningitis/epidemiology , Meningitis/microbiology , Peru/epidemiology
2.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(2): 210-219, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127158

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y las características clínicas, bacteriológicas y del líquido cefalorraquídeo de la meningitis neonatal en hospitales de Lima. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, multicéntrico en seis hospitales de la ciudad de Lima, con una vigilancia epidemiológica durante un año. Resultados: La incidencia acumulada hospitalaria fue de 1,4 casos por mil nacidos vivos. Fueron incluidos 53 casos de meningitis neonatal, 34% (18/53) fueron tempranos y 66% (35/53) tardíos. Los factores maternos asociados fueron líquido amniótico meconial e infección de tracto urinario. El 58,8% (30/51) presentó controles prenatales insuficientes. El factor neonatal más asociado fue sepsis. Los principales síntomas fueron fiebre, irritabilidad, hipoactividad y dificultad respiratoria. En el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) se destacó la pleocitosis, sin predominio de polimorfonucleares (PMN), hipoglucorraquia y proteinorraquia. Los patógenos aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Escherichia coli y Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusiones: La incidencia hospitalaria de meningitis neonatal fue de 1,4 por mil nacidos vivos, siendo diez veces mayor en prematuros. La dificultad respiratoria fue el síntoma más frecuente en la forma temprana, mientras que la fiebre e irritabilidad en la forma tardía. El LCR mostró pleocitosis sin predominio de PMN. Los gérmenes más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli y Listeria monocytogenes. La ventriculitis e hidrocefalia fueron las complicaciones neurológicas más comunes.


ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence and the clinical, bacteriological and cerebrospinal fluid characteristics of neonatal meningitis in Lima hospitals. Materials and methods: An observational, multicenter study was conducted in six hospitals in the city of Lima during 1 year of epidemiological surveillance. Results: The cumulative hospital incidence was 1.4 cases per 1000 live births. A total of 53 cases of neonatal meningitis were included, 34% (18/53) were early and 66% (35/53) late. The associated maternal factors were meconium-stained amniotic fluid and urinary tract infection. Insufficient prenatal check-ups were found in 58.8% (30/51). The most associated neonatal factor was sepsis. The main symptoms were fever, irritability, hypoactivity and respiratory distress. Pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was significant, without predominance of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMN), hypoglycorrhagia and proteinorrhagia. The most frequent pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusions: The hospital incidence of neonatal meningitis was 1.4 per 1000 live births, being ten times higher in preterm infants. Breathing difficulty was the most frequent symptom in the early stage, while fever and irritability in the late stage. CSF showed pleocytosis without predominance of PMN. The most frequent germs were Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Ventriculitis and hydrocephalus were the most common neurological complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Infant, Newborn, Diseases , Meningitis , Peru , Peru/epidemiology , Signs and Symptoms , Infant, Newborn , Incidence , Cities/epidemiology , Live Birth , Epidemiological Monitoring , Hospitals , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Meningitis/microbiology , Meningitis/epidemiology
3.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 36(3): 448-453, 2019.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31800937

ABSTRACT

To describe the frequency and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in low birth-weight neonates in three hospitals in Lima, Peru, 385 newborn babies weighing under 2,000 g at birth were evaluated between May 2012 and July 2014. Brain ultrasounds were obtained at 40 weeks' gestation, 3-5 days of life, and 3-4 weeks of life. Intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 19.2% of neonates weighing under 1,500 g and was severe (grade III or with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction) in 9.6% of neonates under 1,500 g. Mortality in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage was 47.1%, while periventricular leukomalacia was found in 5.4% of neonates 1,500 g and under; both diagnoses were more frequent in lower-weight babies. The frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage is similar to that reported in other countries; however, severity and mortality are greater.


Con el objetivo de describir la frecuencia y severidad de la hemorragia intraventricular y leucomalacia periventricular en neonatos de bajo peso en tres hospitales de Lima, Perú se evaluaron 385 neonatos menores de 2000 g de peso al nacer durante mayo del 2012 a julio del 2014. Se obtuvo ultrasonidos cerebrales a las 40 semanas de gestación, 3-5 días de vida y 3-4 semanas de vida. Hemorragia intraventricular se presentó en 19,2% neonatos con menos de 1500 g y fue severa (grado III o con infarto hemorrágico periventricular) en 9,6% neonatos menores de 1500 g. La mortalidad en neonatos con hemorragia intraventricular fue de 47,1%, se encontró leucomalacia periventricular en 5,4% de los neonatos menores de 1500 g. Ambos diagnósticos fueron más frecuentes en neonatos con menor peso. La frecuencia de hemorragia intraventricular es similar a lo reportado en otros países; sin embargo, la severidad y mortalidad es mayor.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/epidemiology , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Male , Peru/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Urban Health
4.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 36(3): 448-453, jul.-sep. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058751

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de describir la frecuencia y severidad de la hemorragia intraventricular y leucomalacia periventricular en neonatos de bajo peso en tres hospitales de Lima, Perú se evaluaron 385 neonatos menores de 2000 g de peso al nacer durante mayo del 2012 a julio del 2014. Se obtuvo ultrasonidos cerebrales a las 40 semanas de gestación, 3-5 días de vida y 3-4 semanas de vida. Hemorragia intraventricular se presentó en 19,2% neonatos con menos de 1500 g y fue severa (grado III o con infarto hemorrágico periventricular) en 9,6% neonatos menores de 1500 g. La mortalidad en neonatos con hemorragia intraventricular fue de 47,1%, se encontró leucomalacia periventricular en 5,4% de los neonatos menores de 1500 g. Ambos diagnósticos fueron más frecuentes en neonatos con menor peso. La frecuencia de hemorragia intraventricular es similar a lo reportado en otros países; sin embargo, la severidad y mortalidad es mayor.


ABSTRACT To describe the frequency and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in low birth-weight neonates in three hospitals in Lima, Peru, 385 newborn babies weighing under 2,000 g at birth were evaluated between May 2012 and July 2014. Brain ultrasounds were obtained at 40 weeks' gestation, 3-5 days of life, and 3-4 weeks of life. Intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 19.2% of neonates weighing under 1,500 g and was severe (grade III or with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction) in 9.6% of neonates under 1,500 g. Mortality in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage was 47.1%, while periventricular leukomalacia was found in 5.4% of neonates 1,500 g and under; both diagnoses were more frequent in lower-weight babies. The frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage is similar to that reported in other countries; however, severity and mortality are greater.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/epidemiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Peru/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Urban Health , Prospective Studies , Hospitals
5.
Early Hum Dev ; 130: 109-115, 2019 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30743197

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the combined prognostic value of neurological examination, head circumference and cranial ultrasound for neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) in very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) preterm infants. METHODS: Prospective follow-up study. Preterm infants with VLWB were assessed for NDD using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning test at 24 months of corrected age. Abnormal neurological examination (≥2 deviant items of Hammersmith neurological examination), microcephaly and major ultrasound abnormalities, each performed at term age, were evaluated as predictors of NDD in a multivariable Poisson model. RESULTS: 35/132 infants (26.5%) had NDD. In the multivariable analysis, microcephaly (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.6-6.7) and major ultrasound abnormalities (RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.7) were associated to NDD. The combination of the two tests showed the highest positive predictive value (100%; 95% CI, 51%-100%), while the combination of normal neurological examination, no major US findings and normal head size at term showed the highest negative predictive value (89%; 95% CI, 78%-95%). The maximum under receiver operating characteristic curve area was for microcephaly or major ultrasound abnormalities (AUC 0.74 (0.65-0.83)). CONCLUSION: The combination of head circumference, cranial ultrasound and neurological examination at term age is useful to predict NDD in VLBW preterm infants.


Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/growth & development , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/pathology , Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Neurologic Examination/standards , Predictive Value of Tests , Ultrasonography/standards
6.
Rev. méd. hered ; 25(2): 60-67, abr. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-717386

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Determinar la incidencia de hemorragia intraventricular (HIV) en un hospital nacional y los factores asociados. Material y métodos: Estudio Caso-control, retrospectivo, en una cohorte anidada desde julio 2010 hasta abril 2012. El diagnóstico se realizó por ecografía cerebral. Resultado: La incidencia anual general fue 33,53%. En las primeras 72 horas, la incidencia anual fue 17,23 % y el factor asociado fue la edad gestacional ≤ 28 semanas (OR: 2,41, IC: 1,10-5,34). La incidencia anual de HIV después de las 72 h hasta el séptimo día fue 16,30% y los factores asociados fueron: las complicaciones del soporte ventilatorio, como hipercapnia, neumotórax, hipocapnia y atelectasia (OR: 4,33, IC: 1,26-14,81). Conclusión: La incidencia anual general fue alta, y el factor asociado encontrado en las primeras 72 horas fue la menor edad gestacional y después de las 72 horas fueron las complicaciones del soporte ventilatorio. (AU)


Objectives: Determine the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IH) in a national hospital and its associated factors. Methods: Nested case-control study conducted from July 2010 to April 2012. Diagnosis was confirmed by cerebral ultrasound. Results: Overall annual incidence was 33.53%. During the first 72 hours, the annual incidence was 17.23%, and the associated factor was gestational age ≤ 28 weeks (OR: 2.41, IC: 1.10-5.34). Annual incidence of IH from 72 hours to 7 days was 16.30%, and associated factors were ventilatory support complications such as hypercapnia, pneumothorax, hypocapnia and atelectasis (OR: 4.33, IC: 1.26-14.81). Conclusion: The overall annual incidence of IH was high. Low gestational age was associated with IH in the first 72 hours, while complications of ventilatory support were associated with IH after 72 hours. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Incidence , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage , Case-Control Studies , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies
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