Drought conditions, aridity and forest structure control the responses of Iberian holm oak woodlands to extreme droughts: A large-scale remote-sensing exploration in eastern Spain.

Understanding how Mediterranean forests respond to the increasing frequency of extreme droughts and forest densification is crucial for effective land management in the present context of climate change and land abandonment. We study the responses of Iberian holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) woodlands to recent extreme droughts during 2000-2019 along broad gradients of climate aridity and forest structure. To this purpose, we apply large-scale remote-sensing using MODIS EVI as a primary production proxy in 5274 Q. ilex sites distributed within a 100,000 km2 region in eastern Spain. These woodlands were extensively affected by two extreme drought events in 2005 and 2012. Resistance, assessed as the capacity of the ecosystems to maintain primary production during drought, was significantly lower for semi-arid than for sub-humid and dry-transition conditions. Holm oak woodlands located in semi-arid areas of the region showed also poorer resilience to drought, characterized by low capacity to fully recover to their pre-drought production levels. Further, drought intensity and both pre- and post-drought hydric conditions controlled the variations of resistance, recovery and resilience between the two analyzed extreme drought events. Drought effects were particularly negative for dense Q. ilex stands under semi-arid climate conditions, where strong competition for scarce water resources reduced drought resistance. The observed drought vulnerability of semi-arid holm oak woodlands may affect the long-term stability of these dry forests. Adaptive management strategies, such as selective forest thinning, may be useful for improving drought responses in these more vulnerable semi-arid woodlands. Conversely, natural rewilding may more appropriately guide management actions for more humid areas, where densely developed Q. ilex woodlands show in general a high ability to maintain ecosystem primary production during drought.

Selección de indicadores de éxito en balonmano de élite a través de árboles de decisión / Performance Indicator Selection Through Decision Trees in Elite Handball

El objetivo fue analizar los indicadores de éxito en el Campeonato Europeo de balonmano masculino utilizando árboles de decisión como modelos de inteligencia artificial. Se utilizó la metodología observacional. La muestra fue compuesta por 87 partidos de los Campeonatos de Europa masculinos de selecciones de balonmano 2016 y 2018. Como resultado más importante, el modelo identificó tres variables relevantes para alcanzar una precisión elevada en la predicción de resultados de balonmano. Se concluye que la utilización de estos modelos permite reducir ampliamente la complejidad en el análisis de los indicadores de éxito en balonmano. (AU)

The aim was to analyze the performance indicators in the European Men's Handball Championship using decision trees as artificial intelligence models. The observational methodology was used. The sample was composed of 87 matches from the 2016 and 2018 Men's European Handball National Championships. As the most important result, the model identified three relevant variables to achieve high precision to predict handball results. In conclusion, the use of these models allow to greatly reduce the complexity in the analysis of the performance indicators in handball. (AU)

Erupción variceliforme de Kaposi en el contexto de enfermedad de boca-mano-pie en un niño sin dermatitis atópica / Variceliform eruption of Kaposi in the context of hand foot and mouth disease in a child without atopic dermatitis

La erupción variceliforme de Kaposi (EVK) es la diseminación cutánea del virus herpes simple (VHS), siendo la etiología más frecuente el VHS tipo 1. Suele presentarse en pacientes con enfermedades cutáneas de base o por lesiones agudas de la barrera epidérmica. La sospecha clínica se confirma mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, aislamiento del virus en cultivo o mediante anticuerpos monoclonales realizados de una muestra extraída de las lesiones cutáneas. La complicación más frecuente es la sobreinfección bacteriana por Staphylococcus aureus y el tratamiento de elección es aciclovir oral o intravenoso, en función de la gravedad. En la literatura, son múltiples los artículos que asocian la dermatitis atópica con la EVK. Pero estas dos patologías no siempre vienen de la mano, por lo que su diagnóstico en ocasiones puede suponer todo un reto para el pediatra. Presentamos una actualización de los conocimientos de esta enfermedad a raíz de un caso recientemente diagnosticado en nuestro servicio

The variceliform eruption of Kaposi (EVK) is the cutaneous dissemination of the herpes simplex virus (HSV), the most frequent etiology being HSV type 1. It usually occurs in patients with underlying skin diseases or due to a lesion in the epidermal barrier. Clinical suspicion is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation in culture or by monoclonal antibodies made from a sample of skin lesions. The most frequent complication is bacterial superinfection due to Staphylococcus aureus and the treatment of choice is oral or intravenous acyclovir, depending on the severity. In literature, there are many articles that associate atopic dermatitis with the EVK. But these two pathologies do not always come hand in hand, so their diagnosis can sometimes be a challenge for the pediatrician. We present an update on the knowledge of this disease following a case recently diagnosed in our service

Home-based inspiratory muscle training for management of older patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: does baseline inspiratory muscle pressure matter?

BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a clinical syndrome characterised by reduced exercise capacity. Some evidence has shown that a simple and home-based programme of inspiratory muscle training offers promising results in terms of aerobic capacity improvement in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This study aimed to investigate whether the baseline inspiratory muscle function predicts the changes in aerobic capacity (measured as peak oxygen uptake; peak VO2) after a 12-week home-based programme of inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. METHODS: A total of 45 stable symptomatic patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and New York Heart Association II-III received a 12-week home-based programme of inspiratory muscle training between June 2015 and December 2016. They underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and measurements of maximum inspiratory pressure pre and post-inspiratory muscle training. Maximum inspiratory pressure and peak VO2 were registered in both visits. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between changes in peak VO2 (Δ-peakVO2) and baseline predicted maximum inspiratory pressure (pp-MIP). RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) age was 73 (68-77) years, 47% were women and 35.6% displayed New York Heart Association III. The mean peak VO2 at baseline and Δ-peakVO2 post-training were 10.4±2.8 ml/min/kg and +2.2±1.3 ml/min/kg (+21.3%), respectively. The median (interquartile range) of pp-MIP and Δ-MIP were 71% (64-92) and 39.2 (26.7-80.4) cmH2O, respectively. After a multivariate analysis, baseline pp-MIP was not associated with Δ-peakVO2 (ß coefficient 0.005, 95% confidence interval -0.009-0.019, P=0.452). CONCLUSIONS: In symptomatic and deconditioned older patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme improves aerobic capacity regardless of the baseline maximum inspiratory pressure.

Exercise, the diurnal cycle of cortisol and cognitive impairment in older adults.

Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of developing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease as well as to improve cognition in healthy and cognitively impaired individuals. However, the mechanisms of these benefits are not well understood. The stress hypothesis suggests that the cognitive benefits attributed to exercise may partially be mediated by changes in the cortisol secretion pattern. Chronic stress may increase the risk of AD and exacerbate the cognitive deficits and brain pathology characteristic of the condition while physical activity has been shown to attenuate most of stress consequences and risk factors for AD. Initially, research on the effects of cortisol on cognition and physical activity focused on cortisol levels at one time point but the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion is complex and it is still unclear which aspects are most closely associated with cognitive function. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze the exercise/stress/cognition hypothesis focusing on the effects of the diurnal cycle of cortisol on cognitive function and physical activity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity is a promising strategy to treat and prevent cognitive decline. The mechanisms that mediate these benefits are not fully clear but physical activity is thought to attenuate the harmful effects of chronic psychological stress and hypercortisolism on cognition. However, the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion is complex and it is not known which aspects are most closely associated with increased cognitive function and better physical performance. This is the first study to simultaneously measure cognitive function, the diurnal cycle of salivary cortisol and physical performance in older adults, without cognitive impairment (n = 30) and with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (n = 30). RESULTS: Regression analysis showed that better cognitive function was associated with better physical performance. A greater variance in cortisol levels across the day from morning to evening was associated with better cognitive function and physical performance. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the idea that a more dynamic cortisol secretion pattern is associated with better cognitive function and physical performance even in the presence of cognitive impairment, but our results could not confirm a mediating role in this relationship.

Trombosis portal como causa de trombopenia persistente en la neutropenia aloinmune neonatal con anticuerpos HNA-2a / Portal vein thrombosis as a cause of thrombocytopenia persistent in neonatal alloimmune neutropenia HNA-2a

La neutropenia aloinmune neonatal (NAN) es una patología poco frecuente, que se debe a la producción materna de anticuerpos IgG frente a antígenos específicos de los neutrófilos fetales (HNA), de herencia paterna y no presentes en los neutrófilos de la madre. Estos anticuerpos maternos pasan al feto a través de la placenta, provocando la eliminación de los neutrófilos fetales e incrementando el riesgo de infección durante el periodo neonatal. Existen siete subtipos de HNA, pero los que más a menudo se relacionan con la NAN son el HNA-1a, el HNA-1b y el HNA-2a. El tratamiento de elección es el factor estimulante de colonias granulocíticas (G-CSF) y, en casos refractarios, otras opciones terapéuticas son la gammaglobulina intravenosa o los corticoides. La sepsis neonatal y la trombopenia persistente son dos complicaciones frecuentemente asociadas a la NAN. La trombopenia en la NAN se produce comúnmente por tres mecanismos: la propia sepsis, el efecto yatrogénico del G-CSF, y por reacción cruzada entre los anticuerpos anti-HNA y las plaquetas. En este caso clínico presentamos un cuarto mecanismo que, de forma multifactorial y asociado a los tres mecanismos previos, explica la trombopenia persistente en nuestro caso de NAN (AU)

The alloimmune neonatal neutropenia (NAN) is a rare condition that affects newborn maternal IgG antibody production against specific antigens of neutrophils (HNA) of paternal inheritance and not present on neutrophils from the mother and in antigens present in the fetus. These maternal antibodies pass the fetus through the placenta causing the elimination of the fetal neutrophils, increasing the risk of infection during the neonatal period. There are seven subtypes of HNA, but the most often related to NAN are the HNA-1a, HNA-1b and HNA-2a. The treatment of choice is G-CSF and refractory cases, intravenous immunoglobulin or corticosteroids, are other treatment options. Neonatal sepsis and persistent thrombocytopenia are two complications frequently associated with NAN. Thrombocytopenia in NAN, commonly occurs by three mechanisms: sepsis own, iatrogenic effect of G-CSF and cross-reactivity between antibodies and platelets anti-HNA. In our case report we present a fourth mechanism, so multifactorial and associated with the previous three mechanisms explains the persistent thrombocytopenia in our case NAN (AU)

Long-term effects of graduated compression stockings on cardiorespiratory performance.

The use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in sport has been increasing in the last years due to their potential positive effects for athletes. However, there is little evidence to support whether these types of garments actually improve cardiorespiratory performance. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiorespiratory responses of GCS during running after three weeks of regular use. Twenty recreational runners performed three tests on different days: test 1) - a 5-min maximal effort run in order to determine the participants' maximal aerobic speed; and tests 2) and 3) - a fatigue running test of 30 minutes at 80% of their maximal aerobic speed with either GCS or PLACEBO stockings at random. Cardiorespiratory parameters (minute ventilation, heart rate, relative oxygen consumption, relative carbon dioxide production, ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and oxygen pulse) were measured. Before each test in the laboratory, the participants trained with the randomly assigned stockings (GCS or PLACEBO) for three weeks. No significant differences between GCS and PLACEBO were found in any of the cardiorespiratory parameters. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that running with GCS for three weeks does not influence cardiorespiratory parameters in recreational runners.

Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa en niña con desnutrición severa y fiebre recurrente / Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child with severe malnutrition and recurrent fever

La pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa es una enfermedad inflamatoria muy poco frecuente, que se caracteriza por la sustitución del parénquima renal por tejido granulomatoso. Su presentación se caracteriza por dolor abdominal y síntomas constitucionales asociados a infecciones de orina de repetición. Los gérmenes más frecuentemente implicados son Escherichia coli y Proteus mirabilis. El diagnóstico definitivo es anatomopatológico y el único tratamiento curativo es la nefrectomía total o parcial. Presentamos una actualización de los conocimientos de esta enfermedad a raíz de un caso recientemente diagnosticado en nuestro servicio

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare inflammatory disease, characterized by replacement of renal parenchyma with granulomatous tissue. Initial clinical presentation includes abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms related to recurrent urinary infections. The microorganisms most commonly involved are Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Final diagnosis is made by histopathology, and the only curative treatment is total or partial nephrectomy. A recently diagnosed case in our unit is presented, as well as an update on the knowledge of this disease

[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child with severe malnutrition and recurrent fever]. / Pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa en niña con desnutrición severa y fiebre recurrente.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare inflammatory disease, characterized by replacement of renal parenchyma with granulomatous tissue. Initial clinical presentation includes abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms related to recurrent urinary infections. The microorganisms most commonly involved are Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Final diagnosis is made by histopathology, and the only curative treatment is total or partial nephrectomy. A recently diagnosed case in our unit is presented, as well as an update on the knowledge of this disease.

High-throughput screening platform for natural product-based drug discovery against 3 neglected tropical diseases: human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease.

African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease are 3 neglected tropical diseases for which current therapeutic interventions are inadequate or toxic. There is an urgent need to find new lead compounds against these diseases. Most drug discovery strategies rely on high-throughput screening (HTS) of synthetic chemical libraries using phenotypic and target-based approaches. Combinatorial chemistry libraries contain hundreds of thousands of compounds; however, they lack the structural diversity required to find entirely novel chemotypes. Natural products, in contrast, are a highly underexplored pool of unique chemical diversity that can serve as excellent templates for the synthesis of novel, biologically active molecules. We report here a validated HTS platform for the screening of microbial extracts against the 3 diseases. We have used this platform in a pilot project to screen a subset (5976) of microbial extracts from the MEDINA Natural Products library. Tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that 48 extracts contain potentially new compounds that are currently undergoing de-replication for future isolation and characterization. Known active components included actinomycin D, bafilomycin B1, chromomycin A3, echinomycin, hygrolidin, and nonactins, among others. The report here is, to our knowledge, the first HTS of microbial natural product extracts against the above-mentioned kinetoplastid parasites.

Validation of a tactical analysis methodology for the study of pick and roll in basketball

El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en el diseño y validación de una propuesta metodológica de análisis táctico para el estudio del bloqueo directo en baloncesto, aplicando los principios de la metodología observacional y el registro contextualizado de acciones. Se han desarrollado tres fases: Fase 1) Identificación y selección de variables, donde se han definido y catalogado las variables conductuales (bloqueo directo), contextuales (zona del campo, tiempo de posesión y periodo de juego) y evaluativas (resultado de la acción). Fase 2) Creación ad hoc de instrumentos de registro, en la que se ha adaptado una herramienta informática (software VA-Sports: Baloncesto) para atender a las particularidades y necesidades específicas del estudio de acciones de bloqueo directo. Fase 3) Control de la calidad del dato, en la que se fijaron los criterios de selección de la muestra, se desarrolló el proceso de entrenamiento de observadores, y se verificó el nivel de acuerdo interno o concordancia intraobservador, para evaluar la fiabilidad de la propuesta metodológica. Fueron analizadas un total de 192 acciones de bloqueo directo correspondientes a 6 partidos completos de la Liga ACB española. Se pudo constatar una elevada fiabilidad de la propuesta metodológica diseñada que, en su conjunto obtuvo un elevado valor promedio de Kappa (0.994), lo que permite concluir que las variables de análisis propuestas resultan precisas, en su definición y categorización para estudiar acciones de bloqueo directo. Las variables tiempo de posesión, periodo de juego y resultado de la acción, han evidenciado un nivel de concordancia máximo (valor Kappa de 1.000), al tiempo que las variables bloqueo directo y zona del campo, también han evidenciado un grado de objetividad elevado (valores de Kappa de .990 y .981 respectivamente) (AU)

This study examines the design and validation of a tactical analysis methodology proposal for the study of pick and roll in basketball, applying the principles of observational methodology and the recording of actions in their natural context. We have developed three phases: Phase 1) Identification and selection of analysis variables, in which behavioral variables have been identified and cataloged (pick and roll), contextual analysis variables (court area, time of possession and period of play) and evaluative analysis variables (result of the action); Phase 2) Ad hoc creation of recording instruments, in which a computer tool was adapted (VA-Sports Software: Basketball) to address the particularities and specific needs of the study of the pick and roll situations.; and Phase 3) Quality control of the data, in which selection criteria were set for the sample, the training process of the observers was carried out, and the level of internal agreement and intraobserver concordance were verified in order to assess the reliability of the methodological approach. A total of 192 pick and roll situations corresponding to 6 games of the Spanish ACB League were analyzed in this study. The results suggest a high level of reliability of the methodology designed; as a whole it earned a high average Kappa value (.994), leading to the conclusion that the proposed analysis variables are precise in their definition and categorization in order to study pick and roll situations. The analysis variables; time of possession, period of play and results of the action showed a maximum level of agreement (Kappa value 1.000), while the analysis variables; pick and roll and court area also show a high degree of objectivity (Kappa values of .990 and .981 respectively) (AU)

Disentangling the role of heat and smoke as germination cues in Mediterranean Basin flora.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The role of fire as a germination cue for Mediterranean Basin (MB) plants is still unclear. The current idea is that heat stimulates germination mainly in Cistaceae and Fabaceae and that smoke has a limited role as a post-fire germination cue, in comparison with other Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), suggesting that fire-stimulated germination is less relevant in the MB than in other MTEs. However, recent studies showed that the assembly of Mediterranean plant communities is strongly driven by post-fire germination, suggesting an important role for fire as a germination cue. We hypothesize that both heat and smoke have important effects on the different post-fire recruitment processes of MB species (e.g. level and rate of germination and initial seedling growth). METHODS: To ascertain the role of heat and smoke in the post-fire germination response of MB woody plants, a germination experiment was performed with seven heat and two smoke treatments on 30 MB woody species from seven different families, including species with water-permeable seeds and species with water-impermeable seeds. KEY RESULTS: Heat stimulated the germination (probability and rate) of 21 species and smoke in eight species, out of the 30 species studied. In addition, six species showed enhanced initial seedling growth after the smoke treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that both heat and smoke are important germination cues in a wide range of MB woody species and that fire-cued germination in woody plants of the MB may be as important as in other MTEs.

Discovery of the parnafungins, antifungal metabolites that inhibit mRNA polyadenylation, from the Fusarium larvarum complex and other Hypocrealean fungi.

Evaluation of fungal fermentation extracts with whole cell Candida albicans activity resulted in the identification of a novel class of isoxazolidinone-containing metabolites named parnafungins. Chemical-genetic profiling with the C. albicans fitness test identified the biochemical target as inhibition of polyadenosine polymerase, a component of the mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation complex. Parnafungins were discovered from fermentation extracts of fungi resembling F. larvarum isolated from plants, plant litter and lichens. Furthermore authentic strains of F. larvarum var. larvarum and F. larvarum var. rubrum could be induced to produce parnafungins and their degradation products in low titers. Relationships among strains of the F. larvarum complex (FLC), including parnafungin-producing strains, were examined by cladistic analyses of rDNA, mitochondrial rDNA, and two protein-coding genes, comparisons of antifungal activity and antifungal metabolite profiles, and morphological phenotypes. Integrated analyses of these data led to the conclusion that the diversity within the FLC exceeded the one-to-one correspondence between F. larvarum and its teleomorph Cosmospora aurantiicola. Based on multiple gene sequence analyses, strains of the FLC formed a monophyletic clade inclusive of the parnafungin-producing strains. The FLC, including newly discovered parnafungin-producing strains, could be resolved into at least six different lineages, possibly representing cryptic' species, of which one was not fully resolved from F. larvarum var. rubrum. Fusarium larvarum var. rubrum represents a species distinct from var. larvarum. Finally we report that two other species from the Hypocreales, Trichonectria rectipila and Cladobotryum pinarense, are able to produce parnafungins and their open-ring forms.

Enhancement of antibiotic and secondary metabolite detection from filamentous fungi by growth on nutritional arrays.

AIMS: We asked to what extent does the application of the OSMAC (one strain, many compounds) approach lead to enhanced detection of antibiotics and secondary metabolites in fungi? Protocols for bacterial microfermentations were adapted to grow fungi in nutritional arrays. METHODS AND RESULTS: Protocols for microfermentations of non-sporulating fungi were validated using known antifungal-producing fungi. Detection of antifungal activity was often medium dependent. The effects of medium arrays and numbers of strains on detection of antifungal signals were modelled by interpolation of rarefaction curves derived from matrices of positive and negative extracts. Increasing the number of fermentation media for any given strain increased the probability of detection of growth inhibition of Candida albicans. Increasing biodiversity increased detection of antifungal phenotypes, however, nutritional arrays could partly compensate for lost antibiotic phenotypes when biodiversity was limiting. CONCLUSIONS: Growth and extraction in microtiter plates can enable a discovery strategy emphasizing low-cost medium arrays that can better exploit the metabolic potential of strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Increasing fermentation parameters raise the probability of detecting bioactive metabolites from strains. The protocols can be used to pre-select strains and their growth conditions for scale up that will most likely yield antibiotics and secondary metabolites.

Studies on Morinia: recognition of Morinia longiappendiculata sp. nov. as a new endophytic fungus, and a new circumscription of Morinia pestalozzioides.

A new coelomycete, Morinia longiappendiculata sp. nov., isolated from living stems of four plant species in central Spain, is described. The distinctive morphological characteristics of this fungus are the production of conidia with long basal and apical appendages on filiform conidiogenous cells that contrasts with the short-appendaged conidia and cylindrical conidiogenic cells of the type species, M. pestalozzioides. Comparative sequence analysis of the ITS rDNA region and fragments of the translation elongation factor 1alpha, actin and chitin synthase 1 genes and the study of the HPLC profiles of the M. longiappendiculata and M. pestalozzioides isolates supported the recognition of the new species. Comparison of the ITS rDNA sequences of the Morinia isolates with GenBank sequences indicated that the genus belongs to the Amphisphaeriaceae with the highest similarity to Bartalinia and Truncatella. Bresadola's original definition of M. pestalozzioides is updated by adding information on conidiogenesis and molecular data. A lectotype and epitype are designated for the species. A study of bioactive metabolites revealed that M. pestalozzioides cultures produced moriniafungin, a novel sordarin analog with potent antifungal activity.

The discovery of moriniafungin, a novel sordarin derivative produced by Morinia pestalozzioides.

A novel sordarin derivative, moriniafungin (1), containing a 2-hydroxysebacic acid residue linked to C-3' of the sordarose residue of sordarin through a 1,3-dioxolan-4-one ring was isolated from the fungus Morinia pestalozzioides. Isolation of moriniafungin employed a highly specific bioassay consisting of a panel of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains containing chimeric eEF2 for Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, Crytpococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus as well as wild type and human eEF2. Moriniafungin exhibited an MIC of 6 microg/mL versus Candida albicans and IC(50)'s ranging from 0.9 to 70 microg/mL against a panel of clinically relevant Candida strains. Moriniafungin was shown to inhibit in vitro translation in the chimeric S. cerevisae strains at levels consistent with the observed IC(50). Moriniafungin has the broadest antifungal spectrum and most potent activity of any natural sordarin analog identified to date.

[Hospital Pharmacy Departments on the internet. An unfinished business?]. / Servicios de Farmacia hospitalaria en internet. Una asignatura pendiente?

OBJECTIVE: To establish the percentage of Pharmacy Departments with a web site on the Net, and to analyze whether their contents are focused on the development of pharmaceutical care activities for outpatients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on multiple Internet searches using the Copernic version 6.0 software, as well as on directories listing hospital- and pharmacy department-owned web sites. RESULTS: Amongst 452 hospitals with 100 or more beds, 198 (43.8%) hospital web pages and 52 (11.52%) pharmacy department web sites were found. The contents of pharmacy department sites were usually deficient, and only rarely was interaction with outpatients envisaged. CONCLUSION: The presence of pharmacy departments on the Internet is scarce. Telepharmacy or pharmaceutical care for outpatients using novel information technologies remains underdeveloped by Spanish pharmacy departments.

Servicios de Farmacia hospitalaria en internet. ¿Una asignatura pendiente? / Hospital Pharmacy Departments on the internet. An unfinished business?

Objetivo: Determinar el porcentaje de Servicios de Farmacia con página web en Internet y analizar si su contenido se enfoca a desarrollar actividades de atención farmacéutica dirigidas al paciente externo. Métodos: Estudio transversal basado en múltiples búsquedas, en Internet, mediante el software Copernic® versión 6.0 así como en directorios que recogen páginas web de hospitales y Servicios de Farmacia. Resultados: De 452 hospitales con 100 o más camas se localizaron 198 (43,8 por ciento) páginas web corporativas de hospitales y 52 (11,52 por ciento) páginas web pertenecientes a Servicios de Farmacia. El contenido de las páginas web de los Servicios de Farmacia fue, en general, deficiente y, en muy pocos casos, se contempló la posibilidad de interacción con el paciente externo. Conclusión: Existe poca presencia de Servicios de Farmacia en Internet. La telefarmacia o atención farmacéutica aplicada al paciente externo, utilizando las nuevas tecnologías de la información, está aún por desarrollar en los servicios farmacéuticos españoles (AU)