Pioneros de un siglo de enseñanza anatómica en la ciudad de Concepción, Chile / Pioneers of a century of anatomical teaching in the city of Concepción, Chile

Revisando un siglo de historia, el desarrollo de las actividades anatómicas en la ciudad de Concepción, en el sur de Chile, no estuvieron ajenas a dificultades. El presente trabajo reunió los antecedentes históricos que relatan los inicios y desarrollo de la enseñanza de la anatomía en la naciente Universidad de Concepción. Se realizó una búsqueda que incluyó la revisión de libros históricos, revistas, archivos digitales y registros institucionales como actas y archivos fotográficos. La fundación de la Universidad, los inicios de las actividades anatómicas en 1919 y el aporte de sus principales pioneros, evidencian las dificultades de la enseñanza de esta disciplina en Chile. Desde una perspectiva histórica, conocer dentro de este siglo de enseñanza los recursos físicos utilizados para la disección cadavérica, el detalle de las metodologías pedagógicas utilizadas y los recursos anatómicos disponibles, resultan ser un aporte al conocimiento del desarrollo de la anatomía en Chile.

Reviewing a century of history, the development of anatomical activities in the city of Concepción, in the south of Chile, did not occur without difficulties. The present work gathered the historical background related with the beginnings and development of Anatomy teaching at the Universidad de Concepcion. Research was carried out including the review of historical books, magazines, digital archives and institutional records such as files or photographic archives. The foundation of the university, the beginnings of anatomical activities in 1919 and the contribution of its highlighted pioneers, show the difficulties of teaching this discipline in Chile. From a historical perspective, having knowledge during this century of teaching, the physical resources used in cadaveric dissection, the detail of teaching methodologies applied, and the anatomical resources available, contribute the anatomy´s development knowledge in Chile.

Incidence and factors associated with delayed graft function in renal transplantation at Carlos Van Buren Hospital, January 2000 to June 2008.

Delayed graft function (DGF) is defined as the need for dialysis within the first week after renal transplantation, and slow graft function as persistence of serum creatinine concentration of at least 3 mg/dL on day 5 after the procedure. In the present study, we analyzed the incidence and risk factors for DGF at our center. This retrospective study included 106 patients who underwent renal transplantation between January 2000 and June 2008. Of these, 11 patients were excluded. Two of the remaining 95 patients received organs from living donors, and 93 received cadaver organs. Variables analyzed included donor age, cause of death, cause of chronic renal failure, recipient age, method and time of long-term renal replacement therapy, residual diuresis, panel of reactive antibodies (PRA), HLA mismatch, sex compatibility, cold and warm ischemia times, biopsy-confirmed episodes of acute rejection, urine output in the operating room and in the first 24 hours after the procedure, and intraoperative induction therapy. Data were analyzed using the chi(2) and Fisher exact tests and analysis of variance, and are given as mean (SD) and frequency. Variables associated with DGF at univariate analysis (P < .05) were divided between risk factors and predictors of DGF for inclusion in logistic regression models. The incidence of DGF was 32.6%; slow graft function, 16.8%; and immediate graft function, 50.5%. Cold ischemia time longer than 20 hours (P = .02) and donor age (P = .008) were directly associated with DGF. Twenty-four-hour urine output was a strong predictor of DGF. Patients with DGF demonstrated a 25% incidence of an episode of acute rejection before discharge from the hospital. No difference in DGF was observed for use of intraoperative induction therapy.

Evaluation of the BacT/ALERT 3D system for recovery and drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

We evaluated the BacT/ALERT 3D system for recovery and drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Of 2659 clinical specimens, MTB was detected in 92 using BacT/ALERT, compared to 94 using Löwenstein-Jensen culture. Detection time was 25% shorter with BacT/ALERT. Sensitivities were 92%, 96%, 78% and 100% for resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol, respectively, while specificity was 100% for all antibiotics, when BacT/ALERT was compared with the BACTEC 460 method on 50 MTB isolates. The BacT/ALERT system is fully automated and creates no radioactive waste. It seems to be a valid alternative for primary isolation, but further evaluation is needed regarding DST.

Diseño ductil de secciones rectangulares de hormigón reforzado

Se presenta la formulación de un modelo matemático que predice el comportamiento de secciones rectangulares de hormigón sometidas a flexión simple, flexión esviada (biaxial) y compresión o tracción. El modelo incluye el efecto del confinamiento en el hormigón, producido por los estribos, ya que mejora su resistencia a la compresión cuando está sometido a altas deformaciones (mayores de 0.004) y por tanto mayor economía cuando se compara con el diseño convencional (AU)