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1.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol ; 184(4): 366-369, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36599313

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Exposure to mosquitoes in the Tropics is perennial, and their somatic and saliva antigens have shown IgE binding capacity, although it is not clear whether this is due to cross-reactivity or primary sensitization. Inhalation of these allergens could trigger an allergic response. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of sensitization to Aedes aegypti in a group of patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with allergic rhinitis subjects and healthy controls sensitized to mosquito extract was performed. Sensitization to mosquito and house dust mites was evaluated using skin prick test (SPT) and antibody determination by ELISA. Nasal provocation test (NPT) with whole-body extract was used to determine clinical relevance. RESULTS: Allergic rhinitis patients were more sensitized to mosquito extract than controls with (+) SPT (66.6% vs. 7.6%). From these (+) SPT patients, 44.5% had (+) NPT, and just two (11%) presented mono-sensitization to mosquito. Antibody reactivity was similar between patients and controls; however, (+) NPT patients showed a tendency to had higher levels of IgE and IgG4. DISCUSSION: Mosquitoes are perennial in most tropical areas, and their body allergens could be associated with respiratory allergies.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Rhinitis, Allergic , Animals , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Rhinitis, Allergic/diagnosis , Allergens , Nasal Provocation Tests , Skin Tests , Immunoglobulin E , Plant Extracts
2.
Psychol. av. discip ; 13(1): 25-39, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250585

ABSTRACT

Resumen El modelo de inteligencia de Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) propone que los procesos cognitivos que componen la inteligencia pueden conceptualizarse como habilidades específicas, implicadas en tareas particulares, y habilidades generales, relacionadas con una amplia cantidad de contextos. Entre las habilidades más estudiadas bajo este modelo se encuentra la velocidad de procesamiento, identificada como uno de los mejores predictores del rendimiento académico y de la capacidad cognitiva general. En este artículo se presentan los resultados del análisis de la relación entre la velocidad de procesamiento y rendimiento académico general. Se evaluó una muestra de 223 estudiantes (53% mujeres) de Preescolar y básica primaria. Los resultados muestran una diferencia en la capacidad predictiva del componente perceptual (β =.76, p < .001) y conceptual (β =.09; p = .121) de la velocidad de procesamiento en procesos académicos básicos de lectura y matemática, así como ajustes similares en modelos de regresión a partir de su conceptualización como habilidad general (R2 = .68) o específica (R2 = .69). El análisis de la relación grado a grado mostró cambios en la capacidad predictiva de la velocidad de procesamiento sobre las habilidades académicas conforme avanza el proceso educativo, apoyando modelos previamente establecidos en el área (Cai, Li & Deng, 2013; Demetriou, Spanodius & Shayer, 2014). Finalmente, es generó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (X 2=1.431; p=.232; CFI=1.000; TLI=.999; NFI=.999; RFI=.996; RMSEA=.044) que permitió probar el ajuste de los modelos propuestos a los datos.


Abstract The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) intelligence model proposes that the cognitive processes that make up intelligence can be conceptualized as specific skills, involved in particular tasks, and general skills, related to a wide variety of contexts. Among the most studied skills under this model is the speed of processing, identified as one of the best predictors of academic performance and general cognitive ability. This article presents the results of the analysis of the relationship between processing speed and general academic performance. A sample of 223 students (53% women) of preschool and primary school was evaluated. The results show a difference in the predictive capacity of the perceptual component (β = .76, p < .001) and conceptual (β = .09; p = .121) of the processing speed in basic academic processes of reading and mathematics, as well as similar adjustments in regression models from their conceptualization as general (R 2 = .68) or specific (R 2 = .69) ability. The analysis of the grade-to-grade relationship showed changes in the predictive capacity of processing speed over academic skills as the educational process progresses, supporting previously established models in the area (Cai, Li & Deng, 2013; Demetriou, Spanodius & Shayer, 2014). Finally, a model of structural equations (X 2 = 1.431, p = .232, CFI = 1.000, TLI = .999, NFI = .999, RFI = .996, RMSEA = .044) was used to prove the adjustment of the proposed models to data.


Subject(s)
Reaction Time , Adaptation, Psychological , Academic Performance , Academic Performance/psychology , Motor Skills/classification , Aptitude , Concept Formation , Gender Identity
3.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 65(2): 148-159, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29983012

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID) are uncommon. In Colombia there are no studies in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic characteristics of a pediatric population with EGID. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study in children aged between 0 and 12 years, assessed in three high complexity hospitals in Medellín, Colombia, between 2010 and 2015. RESULTS: Out of 151 children, 74 (49%) had eosinophilic esophagitis, 35 (23.2%) had eosinophilic gastritis, 20 (13.2%), eosinophilic duodenitis, and 65 (43%) eosinophilic ileitis or colitis; 60.9% were males, and median age was 5 years; 66.9% had a history of allergic disease, and 78.8% had involvement of a single segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Main symptoms were abdominal pain and vomiting. Maximum eosinophil count per high power field (HPF) in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon was 34, 21, 42, 45 and 60, respectively. Peripheral eosinophilia was more common in patients with esophageal and stomach involvement. The most sensitizing foods were egg, milk, shrimp, wheat and chicken. Proton pump inhibitors, steroids or immunosuppressants, as well as food-exclusion diets were used. CONCLUSIONS: EGID can compromise multiple segments, and its symptoms are unspecific; multidisciplinary management is required.


Antecedentes: Los desórdenes gastrointestinales eosinofílicos son poco frecuentes. En Colombia no hay estudios en población pediátrica. Objetivo: Describir características epidemiológicas, clínicas y diagnósticas de una población pediátrica con desórdenes gastrointestinales eosinofílicos. Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo en niños entre 0 y 12 años evaluados en tres hospitales de alta complejidad de Medellín, Colombia, entre 2010 y 2015. Resultados: De 151 niños, 74 (49 %) padecían esofagitis eosinofílica, 35 (23.2 %) gastritis eosinofílica, 20 (13.2 %) duodenitis eosinofílica y 65 (43 %) ileítis o colitis eosinofílica; 60.9 % era del sexo masculino, la mediana de edad fue de cinco años, 66.9 % tenía antecedente de enfermedad alérgica y 78.8 %, afectación de un solo segmento del tracto gastrointestinal. Los principales síntomas fueron dolor abdominal y vómito. El conteo máximo de eosinófilos por campo de alto poder en esófago, estómago, duodeno, íleon y colon fue de 34, 21, 42, 45 y 60, respectivamente. La eosinofilia periférica fue más frecuente en pacientes con afectación de esófago y estómago. Los alimentos más sensibilizantes fueron huevo, leche, camarón, trigo y pollo. Se utilizaron inhibidores de bomba de protones, esteroides o inmunosupresores y dietas de exclusión de alimentos. Conclusiones: Los desórdenes gastrointestinales eosinofílicos pueden afectar múltiples segmentos y sus síntomas son inespecíficos, por lo que se requiere manejo multidisciplinario.


Subject(s)
Enteritis/diagnosis , Enteritis/epidemiology , Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Eosinophilia/epidemiology , Gastritis/diagnosis , Gastritis/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Colombia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 64(3): 260-269, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29046024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Real-life impact of guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis has been poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess atopic dermatitis clinical control in residents of a tropical area managed according to international consensuses. METHODS: Prospective study with a 24-month follow-up. Clinical response was assessed with SCORAD, DLQI and a subjective scale (SS) on severity perception by the patient. RESULTS: Two-hundred and thirty-three patients were stratified according to SCORAD: 53 had mild severity (22%), 116 moderate (49%) and 64 severe (27%). Baseline SCORAD mean was 33 (15-41), for DLQI, it was 14 (11-20), and for the subjective scale, 85% (67-99). At 6 months, there was significant reduction (p < 0.5): SCORAD 29 (14-41), DLQI 12 (8-16) and subjective scale 62% (45-80). At 2 years, SCORAD was 21 (9-34), DLQI 7 (4-10) and subjective scale 41% (27-56); only 33% achieved complete control (SCORAD < 15%, DLQI < 5, subjective scale < 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Following international guidelines' recommendations reduces eczema severity and improves quality of life, although only 33% achieved complete control after 2 years.


Antecedentes: Se ha estudiado poco el impacto en la vida real de las guías de manejo de la dermatitis atópica. Objetivo: Evaluar el control clínico de la dermatitis atópica en residentes de un área tropical manejados conforme a los consensos internacionales. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo con seguimiento por 24 meses. La respuesta clínica fue evaluada mediante SCORAD, DLQI y una escala subjetiva (SS) de la percepción de severidad del paciente. Resultados: 233 pacientes fueron estratificados conforme el SCORAD: gravedad leve 53 (22 %), moderada 116 (49 %) y severa 64 (27 %). La media inicial del SCORAD fue de 33 (15-41), del DLQI de 14 (11-20) y de la escala subjetiva de 85 % (67-99). A los 6 meses existió reducción significativa (p < 0.5): SCORAD 29 (14-41), DLQI 12 (8-16) y escala subjetiva 62 % (45-80). A los 2 años, SCORAD (21, 9-34), DLQI (7, 4-10) y escala subjetiva (41 %, 27-56); solo 33 % consiguió control completo (SCORAD < 15 %, DLQI < 5, escala subjetiva < 20 %). Conclusiones: El apego a las guías internacionales reduce la gravedad del eccema y mejora de forma importante la calidad de vida de los pacientes con dermatitis. Sin embargo, solo 33 % de los pacientes alcanza un control completo a los 2 años de seguir las recomendaciones.


Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Colombia , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Environmental Exposure , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use , Humans , Hygroscopic Agents/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Male , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Tropical Climate , Young Adult
5.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 64(3): 371-375, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29046033

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Solar urticaria is a rare type of inducible urticaria characterized by wheal and erythema formation shortly after exposure to sunlight or to an artificial light source; its pathophysiology is not yet entirely understood. The treatment of choice, in addition to exposure avoidance, consists in antihistamine administration. CLINICAL CASE: This is the case of a 27-year-old woman with no personal history of allergic diseases and with a 2-year history of erythema and wheals in photo-exposed areas associated with sunlight exposure for periods longer than 10 minutes. A provocation test was carried out; she was started on fexofenadine at 4-fold the standard dose (720 mg/day). Six weeks later, a new challenge was carried out without the antihistamine being discontinued; the reaction was less severe, but she continued with erythema for the first 60 minutes post-exposure. After 3 months on high-dose antihistamines, she referred marked improvement in her quality of life and tolerance to brief sunlight exposure (for less than 15 minutes). CONCLUSIONS: Solar urticaria is a rare process but with a high impact on the patient. The use of antihistamines partially relieves symptoms and allows better tolerance to lighting expositions.


Antecedentes: La urticaria solar es un tipo infrecuente de urticaria inducible que se manifiesta con erupciones y eritema poco después de la exposición a la luz del sol o de una fuente de luz artificial; su fisiopatología aún no se comprende del todo. El tratamiento de elección, además de evitar la exposición, consiste en la administración de antihistamínicos. Caso clínico: Mujer de 27 años, sin antecedente personal de enfermedades alérgicas, con cuadro clínico de 2 años de evolución consistente en eritema y erupciones en áreas fotoexpuestas asociados con exposición a la luz del sol durante más de 10 minutos. Se realizó prueba de reto. Se decidió continuar con una dosis de fexofenadina 4 veces mayor a la convencional (720 mg/día). Seis semanas después se efectuó nuevo reto sin suspender el antihistamínico; la reacción fue menos severa, pero la paciente continuó con eritema durante los primeros 60 minutos posteriores a la exposición. Después de 3 meses con dosis altas de antihistamínicos, la paciente refirió notable mejoría en su calidad de vida y tolerancia a exposiciones cortas a luz solar (menos de 15 minutos). Conclusiones: La urticaria solar es un proceso raro pero con alto impacto en el paciente. El uso de antihistamínicos alivia parcialmente los síntomas y permite una mejor tolerancia a las exposiciones lumínicas.


Subject(s)
Photosensitivity Disorders/etiology , Sunlight/adverse effects , Urticaria/etiology , Adult , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating/therapeutic use , Humans , Photosensitivity Disorders/drug therapy , Terfenadine/analogs & derivatives , Terfenadine/therapeutic use , Urticaria/drug therapy
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