ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects for cytotoxicity of two dentifrices: a toothpaste commercially available (Crest Extra-Whitening toothpaste) and a new experimental toothpaste based on a mixture of ion-exchange resins (named NMTD) that supplies calcium, fluoride, phosphate and zinc ions. METHODS: Cultures of mouse fibroblasts cells L929 were used in a MTT assay for in vitro cytotoxicity of the dentifrices. Cells were cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and collected by tripsinization (0.05% trypsin/0.5mM EDTA). A 96-well microplate method was employed for the MTT colorimetric assay. Positive control consisted of 10 microl of phenol in 5 ml of 6% media, a dose that produces zero percent cell survival. Negative control was prepared by adding 0.5 ml of HBSS to 4.5 ml of 6% media. The plates were incubated for 24 and 48 hours at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. RESULTS: Means and standard deviations of absorbance values for each group and percentage inhibitory dosage (%ID) for each test material were calculated. None of the dentifrices resulted in a percentage of inhibition higher than 50% and did not observe marked increases in cytotoxicity with time of incubation. The positive control gave almost zero percent cell survival, whereas the negative control gave a hundred percent cell survival. Analysis of the results indicated that test dentifrice dose had no significant effect towards the cell viability (P<0.05).
Subject(s)
Fibroblasts/drug effects , Ion Exchange Resins/toxicity , Tooth Remineralization/methods , Toothpastes/toxicity , Animals , Calcium/administration & dosage , Cell Survival/drug effects , Colorimetry , Coloring Agents , Fluorides/administration & dosage , L Cells , Mice , Phosphates/administration & dosage , Tetrazolium Salts , Thiazoles , Zinc/administration & dosageABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the stain removal efficacy and enamel abrasivity of a new experimental dentifrice based on an ion-exchange resin mixture that releases calcium, fluoride, phosphate and zinc ions (named NMTD1), to four commercially available dentifrices: Crest Extra-whitening toothpaste, Crest Tartar Protection toothpaste, Crest Cavity Protection toothpaste and Colgate Fluoride Cavity Protection toothpaste. Calcium pyrophosphate was used as a control for the efficacy of the staining removal experiment. METHODS: Cleaning power evaluation was made following the method developed by Stookey et al. The abrasion of the toothpastes was determined by means of a brushing machine, using 2000, 4000 and 8000 strokes and a 250g toothbrush load. Bovine specimens were prepared and abrasion was measured by a surface profilometer system. RESULTS: The new experimental dentifrice did not remove stains whereas Crest Extra-whitening and Crest Cavity Protection dentifrices produced statistically significant stain removal when compared with the calcium pyrophosphate control. Abrasion studies demonstrated that abrasion was linearly correlated to the number of strokes and the abrasion rates proved to be non significant for Colgate and the new experimental dentifrices, but significant for Crest Extra-whitening, Crest Tartar Protection and Crest Cavity Protection. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that the use of a dentifrice based on an ion-exchange mixture was not effective at removing stains and abrasion was most insignificant when compared to other commercially available toothpastes.
Subject(s)
Ion Exchange Resins , Tooth Discoloration/therapy , Toothpastes/chemistry , Animals , Cattle , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of a dentifrice containing a mixture of ion-exchange resins (named NMTD), which supplies calcium, fluoride, phosphate, and zinc ions, to promote remineralization and/or inhibit demineralization of dental human enamel in a pH cycling model in vitro. A fluoride toothpaste was used as the control. The enamel specimens were tested for microhardness before and after 10 days and 16 days of the demineralizing and remineralizing treatments. The results of this study showed both dentifrices were effective in limiting in vitro enamel demineralization although the effects were not significantly different from each other. Inclusion of calcium and phosphate ion-exchange resins in the dentifrice containing a fluoride ion-exchange resin maintained a similar net outcome of the conventional dentifrice in the demineralization/remineralization process under the experimental conditions employed.
