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1.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 70(10): 808-816, oct. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167861

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: La muerte súbita cardiaca (MSC) de origen no isquémico está causada predominantemente por miocardiopatías y canalopatías. La batería de test diagnósticos es amplia e incluye pruebas complejas. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar la rentabilidad diagnóstica del estudio etiológico sistematizado de la MSC. Métodos: Se estudió a 56 familias con al menos 1 caso índice con MSC (reanimada o no). En los supervivientes se exploró con electrocardiograma, imagen cardiaca avanzada, ergometría, estudio familiar, estudio genético y, puntualmente, test farmacológicos. En los fallecidos se examinó la necropsia, así como la autopsia molecular con next generation sequencing (NGS), junto con estudio clínico familiar. Resultados: El diagnóstico se alcanzó en el 80,4% de los casos, sin diferencias entre supervivientes y fallecidos (p = 0,53). Entre los supervivientes, el diagnóstico de canalopatía fue más frecuente que entre los fallecidos (el 66,6 frente al 40%; p = 0,03). De los 30 sujetos fallecidos, en 7 la autopsia aportó un hallazgo concluyente. El diagnóstico de miocardiopatía tendía a asociarse con mayor tasa de eventos en la familia. El test genético con NGS se realizó en 42 de los casos; se obtuvo resultado positivo en 28 (66,6%), sin diferencias entre supervivientes y fallecidos (p = 0,21). Conclusiones: La probabilidad de alcanzar el diagnóstico en la MSC tras un protocolo exhaustivo es alta, con mayor prevalencia de canalopatías en los supervivientes y un aparente peor pronóstico en las miocardiopatías. El test genético mediante NGS muestra utilidad en casos de MSC e incrementa la rentabilidad respecto al estudio con Sanger (AU)


Introduction and objectives: Nonischemic sudden cardiac death (SCD) is predominantly caused by cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. There are many diagnostic tests, including some complex techniques. Our aim was to analyze the diagnostic yield of a systematic diagnostic protocol in a specialized unit. Methods: The study included 56 families with at least 1 index case of SCD (resuscitated or not). Survivors were studied with electrocardiogram, advanced cardiac imaging, exercise testing, familial study, genetic testing and, in some cases, pharmacological testing. Families with deceased probands were studied using the postmortem findings, familial evaluation, and molecular autopsy with next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: A positive diagnosis was obtained in 80.4% of the cases, with no differences between survivors and nonsurvivors (P = .53). Cardiac channelopathies were more prevalent among survivors than nonsurvivors (66.6% vs 40%, P = .03). Among the 30 deceased probands, the definitive diagnosis was given by autopsy in 7. A diagnosis of cardiomyopathy tended to be associated with a higher event rate in the family. Genetic testing with NGS was performed in 42 index cases, with a positive result in 28 (66.6%), with no differences between survivors and nonsurvivors (P = .21). Conclusions: There is a strong likelihood of reaching a diagnosis in SCD after a rigorous protocol, with a more prevalent diagnosis of channelopathy among survivors and a worse familial prognosis in cardiomyopathies. Genetic testing with NGS is useful and its value is increasing with respect to the Sanger method (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/genetics , Cardiomyopathies/mortality , Ventricular Fibrillation/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Genetic Testing/methods , Algorithms , Electrocardiography/methods , Autopsy/methods , Epinephrine/analysis
3.
Curr Pharm Des ; 21(2): 212-20, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25163738

ABSTRACT

Before the use of rituximab, the strongest accepted evidence for an association between B-cells and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was that clinical disease was associated with serum autoantibodies. The ability to remove B-cells with rituximab has also revealed the relative importance of the different immunological parameters that underlie the clinical symptoms of RA. First, seropositive patients have a significantly more predictable and favorable clinical response to rituximab than seronegative patients. Second, the kinetics of the clinical response, with a delay of weeks or months after depletion, suggest that it is a B-cell product (autoantibody) and not B-cells per se that need to be reduced for remission to occur. Third, removal of B-cells from joints may not be closely associated with clinical improvement, although maintenance of plasma cell counts in joints has been associated with poorer responses. The requirement of 'new' B-cells generated from the bone marrow for relapse to occur suggests that selection of autoreactive B-cell clones in the periphery may also be necessary for their survival and differentiation into autoantibody-producing cells. The initial hypothesis suggested that the autoimmune response underlying the pathogenesis of RA was self-sustaining. This would seem to be confirmed, as relapse inevitably follows a variable period of reduced clinical symptoms induced by rituximab. In addition, a dominant role for autoantibodies seems to have strong support from clinical practice. In addition to their possible role in the pathogenesis of RA in the form of immune complexes, further investigation is necessary to determine whether autoantibodies contribute to perpetuation of changes in central B-cell tolerance in these patients.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , Autoantibodies/biosynthesis , Autoantibodies/immunology , Humans , Rituximab
4.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 10(2): 101-104, mar.-abr. 2014. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-119834

ABSTRACT

Aims: To evaluate the modified dosages of anti-TNF in controlling disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) measured by DAS28-ESR. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional study: RA patients treated with etanercept (ETN), adalimumab (ADA) or infliximab (IFX), at standard or modified doses. Main variables: dosage, concomitant disease modifying drugs (DMARDs), DAS28-ESR. Results: 195 RA patients included (79% women, mean age 58.1 years): ETN=81, ADA=56, IFX=58. Mean disease duration and time to first biological treatment was higher in IFX group (P=.01). Patients distribution by dosage: standard: ETN (72.8%), ADA (69.6%), IFX (27.6%); escalated: IFX (69%), ADA (5.4%), ETN (0%); reduced: ETN (27.1%), ADA (25%), IFX (3.4%). Concomitant DMARDs use was lower in ETN (58.2%) than ADA (66.07%) and IFX (79.31%). Higher proportion of responders (DAS28 ≤3.2) in ADA (65.3%) and ETN (61.7%) than IFX (48.3%). Conclusions: RA clinical control can be preserved with modified anti-TNF dosages. Controlled prospective studies should be performed to define when therapy can be tailored and for which patients


Objetivos: Avaluar dosis modificadas de anti-TNF en el control de actividad de la enfermedad en la artritis reumatoide (AR) medida por DAS28-VSG. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal: pacientes con AR tratados con etanercept (ETN), adalimumab (ADA) o infliximab (IFX), en dosis estándar o modificada. Principales variables: dosis, enfermedad concomitante, fármacos modificadores (DMARDs), DAS28-VSG. Resultados: 195 pacientes con AR fueron incluidos (79% mujeres, edad media 58,1 años): ETN = 81, ADA = 56, IFX = 58. La duración de la enfermedad y el tiempo medio hasta el primer tratamiento biológico fue mayor en el grupo con IFX (p = 0,01). Distribución de los pacientes por dosis estándar: ETN (72,8%), ADA (69,6%), IFX (27,6%); incremento: IFX (69%), ADA (5,4%), ETN (0%), reducción: ETN (27,1%), ADA (25%), IFX (3,4%). Uso concomitante DMARD fue menor en ETN (58,2%) que ADA (66,07%) e IFX (79,31%). La mayor proporción de respondedores (DAS28 ≤ 3,2) se vio en ADA (65,3%) y ETN (61,7%) que en IFX (48,3%). Conclusiones: El control clínico de la AR se puede preservar con dosis modificadas de anti-TNF. Estudios prospectivos controlados deben realizarse para definir cuando la terapia se puede adaptar y en que pacientes (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Tumor Necrosis Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies
5.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 10(2): 105-108, mar.-abr. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-119835

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir los resultados del estudio comparativo entre las 2 versiones de un inmunoanálisis comercializado para la monitorización terapéutica de adalimumab (ADA) en artritis reumatoide (AR). Material y métodos: Se han analizado 140 muestras de suero de pacientes con AR tratados con ADA 40 mg cada 14 días con las 2 versiones del ensayo (V1 o anterior y V2 o actualizada). Resultados: Se obtuvo una buena correlación con las dos versiones. En general, V2 proporciona resultados más altos de concentración de ADA que V1 y presenta una mayor precisión en el rango de concentraciones próximas al nivel de decisión clínica, ajustándose más a la concentración real del fármaco en sangre. Además, permite la automatización completa, lo cual simplifica mucho el análisis, y reduce significativamente la variabilidad. Conclusión: La monitorización de ADA con la versión actualizada demostró tener ventajas técnicas significativas, pudiendo ser una herramienta más práctica para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas en pacientes con AR (AU)


Objective: To describe the results of the comparative study between both versions of an immunoassay commercialized for therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab (ADA) in rheumatoid arthritis (AR). Material and methods: 140 samples of patients with RA treated with ADA 40 mg every 14 days were analyzed by both versions of the test (V1 or previous and V2 or updated). Results: A good correlation was obtained by both versions. In general V2 provides higher results of ADA’s concentration than V1 and presents greater precision in the range of concentrations for clinical decisions, adjusting for the real concentration of the drug in blood. In addition, V2 allows for complete automation, which simplifies the analysis and reduces significantly the variability. Conclusion: ADA’s monitoring with the updated version demonstrated to have technical significant advantages, constituting a more practical tool for therapeutic decisions in patients with RA (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Drug Monitoring/methods , Immunoassay/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
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