ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Dental students learn knowledge and practical skills to provide oral health care to the population. Practical skills must be maintained or continuously developed throughout a professional career. This cross-sectional survey aimed to evaluate the perception of practical skills of dental students and dental-school graduates by national dental associations (NDAs) in international comparison in the European Regional Organization of the FDI World Dental Federation (ERO-FDI) zone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire of 14 items collected information on pre-/postgraduate areas. RESULTS: A total of 25 countries participated (response rate: 69.4%), with 80.0% having minimum requirements for practical skills acquisition and 64.0% starting practical training in the 3rd year of study. In countries where clinical practical work on patients begins in the 2nd year of study, practical skills of graduates are perceived as average, starting in the 3rd year of study as mainly good, starting in the 4th as varying widely from poor to very good. In total, 76.0% of respondents feel that improvements are needed before entering dental practice. Improvements could be reached by treating more patients in dental school (32.0%), increasing the quantity of clinical training (20.0%), or having more clinical instructors (12.0%). In 56.0% of the countries, it is possible to open one's own dental practice immediately after graduation, and in 16.0%, prior vocational training is mandatory. CONCLUSIONS: All participating countries in the ERO-FDI zone reported practical training in dental school, most starting in the 3rd year of study. The perception of practical skills of dental students and dental-school graduates among NDAs is very heterogeneous. Reasons for the perceived deficiencies should be further explored.
Subject(s)
Schools, Dental , Students, Dental , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Europe , EmotionsABSTRACT
Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre os discursos dominantes sobre a anorexia nervosa da Idade Média à actualidade. Coloca em destaque os heróis, vilões e vítimas, culminando num olhar sistémico-familiar. Se durante séculos predominaram narrativas individuais de heroínas santas, posteriormente, na era do pensamento médico, estas heroínas passaram a vítimas de uma doença mental. Mais tarde, com os movimentos da anti-psiquiatria e da terapia familiar, emergem novas narrativas com mais protagonistas: os familiares. Se, primeiramente, as famílias são retratadas como vilãs, dadas as suas influências nocivas, nas últimas décadas as famílias são ilustradas como sistemas vítimas do impacto da doença. Na actualidade, surgem narrativas de famílias competentes, capazes de superar o problema. Este artigo termina refletindo sobre esta multiplicidade de leituras e suas implicações.
This article presents a literature review of the dominant discourses on anorexia nervosa from Middle Ages to the present. It puts on evidence heroes, villains and victims, culminating in a family systemic look. At the beginning, individuals narratives of saints heroines were prevailing, in the age of the medical thought, these heroines became victims of mental illness. Later, with the anti-psychiatry and family therapy movements, new narratives come into view with more protagonists: the relatives. If, firstly, families are shown as villains, having harmful influences, in the last decades the families became systems that suffer with the impact of the disease. And nowadays narratives have descriptions of competent families that are able to deal with the problem. This article ends with a reflexion about these multiple visions and its implications.
