ABSTRACT
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate adherence to an antibiotic prophylaxis protocol and its impact on incidence of surgical site infection (SSI). MATERIALS AND METHOD: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at a teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, from September to November 2015. The population were adults who underwent surgery with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. The main outcomes measured were incidence of SSI at 30-days postoperatively, protocol adherence and surgical wound complications. STROBE guidelines were followed. RESULTS: Among the 527 participants recruited, a 30-day follow-up was completed by 78.7 % (n = 415). Within this cohort, 57.6 % were females aged over 60 years (36.4 %). The incidence of SSI stood at 9.4 % (n = 39), with dehiscence being the most prevalent complication at 64.1 % (n = 25), followed by increased exudate at 51.3 % (n = 20). Notably, full adherence to the antibiotic prophylaxis protocol was low at 1.7 % (n = 7). The study observed a 60 % increased risk of SSI for every protocol mistake made. Alarmingly, 17.8 % (n = 74) of participants received antibiotic treatment exceeding the stipulated protocol duration. The overall mortality rate stood at 13.5 % (n = 56), with 1 % (n = 4) of these deaths attributed to SSI. CONCLUSION: There is a pressing global necessity to enhance antibiotic management, as underscored by this study's revelation of low adherence to the antibiotic prophylaxis protocol. This lack of adherence correlated with a notable incidence of SSI and subsequent wound complications. Nearly 20 % of participants received prolonged antibiotic treatment. Adhering strictly to the protocol could substantially impact SSI-related outcomes and enhance global antibiotic management.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to compare them with a control group. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study carried out in an adult ICU, from January 2015 to June 2017, with 61 patients who developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and the same number of control patients. RESULTS: Most participants were male 65 (60.6%), with a neurological diagnosis 43 (35.2%) and hypertensive 61 (50.0%). In the comparison of the groups, there was a statistically significant difference in relation to mechanical ventilation (p=0.0107), tracheostomy (p=0.0083), death (p=0.0401), urinary catheter (p=0.0420), length of stay (p<0.0001) and severity (p=0.0003). The main factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection were: severity (OR= 65.69; CI=3.726-4.808; p=0.0018), use of antimicrobials (OR= 0.047;CI=0.028-0.122;p=0.0024), length of stay (OR=1.19; CI=0.952-1.031; p=0.0285). CONCLUSION: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is multifactorial and has been associated with length of stay and severity. Use of antimicrobials was a protective factor.
Subject(s)
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcal Infections , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to compare them with a control group. Methods: Retrospective case-control study carried out in an adult ICU, from January 2015 to June 2017, with 61 patients who developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and the same number of control patients. Results: Most participants were male 65 (60.6%), with a neurological diagnosis 43 (35.2%) and hypertensive 61 (50.0%). In the comparison of the groups, there was a statistically significant difference in relation to mechanical ventilation (p=0.0107), tracheostomy (p=0.0083), death (p=0.0401), urinary catheter (p=0.0420), length of stay (p<0.0001) and severity (p=0.0003). The main factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection were: severity (OR= 65.69; CI=3.726-4.808; p=0.0018), use of antimicrobials (OR= 0.047;CI=0.028-0.122;p=0.0024), length of stay (OR=1.19; CI=0.952-1.031; p=0.0285). Conclusion: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is multifactorial and has been associated with length of stay and severity. Use of antimicrobials was a protective factor.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la infección por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) en pacientes adultos internados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y compararlos con un grupo control. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de caso-control, retrospectivo, realizado en una UCI de adultos entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2017, con 61 pacientes que desarrollaron la infección por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina y el mismo número de control. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes tenía 65 años (60,6%) y era del sexo masculino; 43 (35,2%) poseían diagnóstico neurológico y 61 (50,0%) padecían de hipertensión. En la comparación de los grupos se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación con la ventilación mecánica (p=0,0107), la traqueotomía (p=0,0083), la muerte (p=0,0401), el catéter urinario (p=0,0420), los días de hospitalización (p<0,0001) y la gravedad de los pacientes (p=0,0003). Los principales factores asociados con la infección por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina fueron: gravedad (OR= 65,69; CI=3,726-4,808; p=0,0018), antimicrobiano (OR= 0,047; CI=0,028-0,122; p=0,0024), días de internación (OR=1,19; CI=0,952-1,031; p=0,0285). Conclusión: La infección por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina es multifactorial y está asociada al tiempo de internación y a la gravedad de los pacientes. El antimicrobiano fue el factor protector.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à infecção por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) em pacientes adultos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), e compará-los com um grupo controle. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle, retrospectivo, realizado em UTI adulto, no período de janeiro/2015 a junho/2017, com 61 pacientes que desenvolveram infecção por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina e o mesmo número de controle. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (60,6%), com diagnóstico neurológico (35,2%) e hipertensos (50,0%). Na comparação dos grupos, houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação à ventilação mecânica (p=0,0107), traqueostomia (p=0,0083), óbito (p=0,0401), cateter urinário (p=0,0420), dias de internação (p<0,0001) e gravidade dos pacientes (p=0,0003). Os principais fatores associados à infecção por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina foram gravidade (OR= 65,69; IC=3,726-4,808; p=0,0018), Antimicrobiano (OR= 0,047;IC=0,028-0,122;p=0,0024), dias de internação (OR=1,19; IC=0,952-1,031; p=0,0285). Conclusão: A infecção por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina é multifatorial e se associou ao tempo de internação e à gravidade dos pacientes. Antimicrobiano foi fator protetor.
