Comparación de los factores que influyen en los padres al elegir un odontopediatra según la consulta dental previa de sus hijos en Lima Metropolitana durante el año 2020 / Fatores que influenciam os pais na escolha de um odontopediatra de acordo com a experiência em consulta odontológica de seus filhos na Região Metropolitana de Lima / Factors that influence parents when choosing a pediatric dentist according to the experience in dental consultation of their children in Metropolitan Lima

Resumen: Las visitas dentales previas tienen un gran impacto en el niño como en sus padres y/o cuidadores para su juicio frente a consultas dentales posteriores. Objetivo: Evaluar si existe diferencias al comparar los factores para elegir un odontopediatra y la consulta dental previa en Lima Metropolitana. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 294 padres. Se recolectaron los datos sobre la consulta dental previa del niño en odontopediatría entre 0 a 5 años, con categorías de respuesta de Sí y No; los factores para elegir un odontopediatra, con categorías de respuesta de muy importante, muy útil, no importante y no útil. Para ello se utilizó un cuestionario virtual de 29 ítems. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher y Chi-cuadrado para el análisis bivariado. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en 4 de 5 factores tales como, recomendaciones, experiencias previas, tipos de información buscada y logísticas. Por otro lado, se encontró que 50.68% de los niños menores de 5 años sí habían tenido una consulta dental con un especialista, donde el 20.07% habían asistido en el rango de 1 a 3 años y sólo el 12.59% asistió antes del primer año a la consulta dental con el odontopediatra. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias al comparar los factores para elegir un odontopediatra y la consulta dental previa en Lima Metropolitana. Por último, se evidenció que los padres de familia no llevan a sus hijos a su primera visita dental antes del primer año, recomendación indicada por la Asociación dental Americana.

Visitas odontológicas anteriores têm um grande impacto na criança, bem como em seus pais ou cuidadores para seu julgamento contra visitas odontológicas subsequentes. Objetivo: Avaliar se existe diferença ao comparar os fatores para escolher um odontopediatra de acordo com a experiência em consulta odontológica de seus filhos na região metropolitana de Lima. Material e métodos: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 294 pais. Foram coletados dados sobre a consulta odontológica anterior da criança em odontopediatria entre 0 e 5 anos de idade, com categorias de resposta Sim e Não; os fatores para a escolha de um odontopediatra, com categorias de resposta muito importante, muito útil, nada importante e nada útil. Para isso, foi utilizado um questionário virtual de 29 itens. O teste exato de Fisher e o qui-quadrado foram utilizados para a análise bivariada. Resultados: Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas em 4 de 5 fatores, como recomendações, experiências anteriores, tipos de informações buscadas e logística. Por outro lado, constatou-se que 50,68% das crianças menores de 5 anos já realizaram consulta odontológica com especialista, onde 20,07% compareceram na faixa de 1 a 3 anos de idade e apenas 12,59% compareceram à consulta odontológica. consulta com o odontopediatra antes do primeiro ano. Conclusões: Existem diferenças ao comparar os fatores para escolher um odontopediatra e a consulta odontológica anterior na região metropolitana de Lima. Por fim, ficou evidenciado que os pais não levam seus filhos à primeira consulta odontológica antes do primeiro ano, recomendação estabelecida por diversas entidades científicas, entre elas a Associação Latino-Americana de Odontopediatria (ALOP)

Previous dental visits have a great impact on the child as well as on their parents/caregivers in their decision regarding subsequent dental visits. Objective: Compare the factors to choose a pediatric dentist according to the experience in dental consultation of your children in Metropolitan Lima. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 294 parents. Data on the child's previous dental consultation in pediatric dentistry between 0 and 5 years of age were collected, with response categories of Yes and No; the factors for choosing a pediatric dentist, with response categories of very important, very useful, not important and not useful. For this, a virtual questionnaire of 29 items was used. Fisher's exact test and Chi square were used for bivariate analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in 4 of 5 factors such as recommendations, previous experiences, types of information sought and logistics. On the other hand, it was found that 50.68% of children under 5 years of age had had a dental consultation with a specialist, where 20.07% had attended in the range of 1 to 3 years of age and only 12.59% attended before first year to the dental consultation with the pediatric dentist. Conclusions: There are differences when comparing the factors to choose a pediatric dentist and the previous dental consultation in Metropolitan Lima. Finally, it was shown that parents do not take their children to their first dental visit before the first year, advocacy established by various scientific entities including the Latin American Association of Pediatric Dentistry (ALOP)

Risk Factors Associated with Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Analysis of a Cohort of 1213 Patients in a Tertiary Healthcare Center.

The presence of cardio-metabolic and respiratory comorbidities, immunosuppression, and chronic kidney disease have been associated with an increase in mortality from COVID-19. The objective of this study is to establish the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This paper conducts a retrospective and analytical study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary care center. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to estimate the association of comorbidities with 30-day mortality. A total of 1215 patients with a median age of 59 years were included. In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model, hypothyroidism, D-dimer ≥ 0.8 µg/mL, LHD ≥ 430 IU/L, CRP ≥ 4.83 ng/mL, and triglycerides ≥ 214 mg/dL were associated with an increased risk of death. The presence of a history of hypothyroidism and biomarkers (D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase, CRP, and triglycerides) were associated with an increase in mortality in the studied cohort.

Aminobisphosphonate-treated ewes as a model of osteonecrosis of the jaw and of dental implant failure.

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and dental implant failure are two negative side effects of chronic aminoBP treatment. METHODS: Eleven ovariectomized (OVX) ewes and four ewes subjected to sham surgery (SHAM) were treated as follows: OVX (n = 5): OVX plus saline solution; zoledronic acid-treated group (ZOL) (n = 6): OVX plus ZOL; SHAM (n = 4): SHAM plus saline solution. Extraction of the first upper molar was performed at 1 year, dental implant placement at 2 years, and sacrifice at 28 months. RESULTS: Implants remained in place in SHAM and OVX ewes but were lost in all ZOL ewes. ZOL sheep (2/6) showed inflammation and necrotic bone at mandibular region. No differences in serum calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (Pi) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D were observed, whereas bone alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in the three studied groups (P < 0.05). The significantly lowest levels of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were observed in ZOL (P < 0.05), and showed no differences between SHAM and OVX. OVX showed the lowest and ZOL the highest Ca and Pi contents in femur and maxilla (P < 0.05). Bone volume (BV/TV%) and iliac crest were similar at baseline and at month 4. At the end of the study, BV/TV%, proximal femur and hemi-mandible bone mineral content and bone mineral density, and trabeculae number were similar in SHAM and ZOL, and lower in OVX (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: All ZOL-treated ewes on a schedule similar to that used in cancer patients showed extensive suppression of bone remodeling and implant failure. Some of the ZOL ewes developed BRONJ.

Natal foraging philopatry in eastern Pacific hawksbill turtles.

The complex processes involved with animal migration have long been a subject of biological interest, and broad-scale movement patterns of many marine turtle populations still remain unresolved. While it is widely accepted that once marine turtles reach sexual maturity they home to natal areas for nesting or reproduction, the role of philopatry to natal areas during other life stages has received less scrutiny, despite widespread evidence across the taxa. Here we report on genetic research that indicates that juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the eastern Pacific Ocean use foraging grounds in the region of their natal beaches, a pattern we term natal foraging philopatry. Our findings confirm that traditional views of natal homing solely for reproduction are incomplete and that many marine turtle species exhibit philopatry to natal areas to forage. Our results have important implications for life-history research and conservation of marine turtles and may extend to other wide-ranging marine vertebrates that demonstrate natal philopatry.

Desarrollo de un modelo experimental de osteonecrosis de maxilar asociada al tratamiento crónico con aminobisfosfonatos / Experimental model of osteonecrosis of the jaw associated to chronic treatment with aminobisphosphonates

La osteonecrosis de maxilar asociada a aminobisfosfonatos (BRONJ) constituye un efecto secundario del tratamiento crónico con los más potentes. Un modelo experimental permitiría determinar la patogenia de dicha alteración. La oveja presenta características orales y del metabolismo óseo similar al humano y permite realizar manipulaciones bucales. Se evaluaron cambios clínicos, remodelación ósea y masa ósea maxilar en ovejas hembras adultas tratadas con zolendronato (ZOL), durante 22 meses y utilizando dosis equivalente al tratamiento de neoplasias. Seis ovariectomizadas (OVX) recibieron ZOL; 5 OVX y 4 SHAM (control) recibieron solución fisiológica. Al inicio, 4 y 22 meses se evaluó calcemia, fosfatemia, crosslaps (CTX) y fosfatasa alcalina ósea. Al final, se evaluó contenido mineral óseo de la hemimandíbula superior (CMO: mg/cm2). Al final del estudio, CTX disminuyó significativamente en ZOL (p<0,05) sin diferencias entre SHAM y OVX. En maxilar, los contenidos de Ca y P (g/g tejido) y CMO (g/cm2 ) disminuyeron en OVX vs. SHAM (p<0,05) y solo Ca y CMO respecto de ZOL (p<0,05). ZOL incrementó el contenido de Ca y CMO, mientras que el de P permaneció significativamente disminuido respecto de SHAM. La sobrevida en SHAM y OVX fue del 100% y en ZOL 77% (2 muertes); 2 ovejas del grupo ZOL presentaron necrosis de maxilar. Conclusiones: fue posible obtener desarrollo de BRONJ por tratamiento crónico con ZOL, el cual redujo notablemente la resorción y, según la relación Ca/P, posiblemente haya afectado la mineralización ósea. (AU)

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a complication of chronic treatment with the most powerful aminobisphosphonates (BPs). An experimental animal model would allow to determine the pathogenesis of this complication. Ewes exhibit similar oral cavity characteristics and bone metabolism as humans, and they are suitable for oral cavity interventions. We examined herein the clinical manifestations, bone remodeling status, and maxillary bone mass in adult female ewes treated with zoledronate (ZOL) for 22 months. Six ovariectomized (OVX) ewes received ZOL; and 5 OVX and 4 SHAM animals received saline solution. At the start of the experiment, and at the 4 and 22 month-time points serum Ca, P, crosslaps (CTX), and bone alkaline phosphatase were measured. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the superior hemimandible was measured at the end of the experiment. At this time point, CTX was significantly decreased only in the ZOL group (p<0.05). Ca and P content (g/g tissue) and BMC in the mandible were significantly decreased in the OVX group compared to SHAM animals (p<0.05) and only Ca content and BMC were decreased when compared to ZOL (p<0.05). ZOL treatment increased the Ca content and BMC, whereas the P content remained low compared to the SHAM group (p<0.05). All ewes from the SHAM and OVX groups and 77% of the animals from the ZOL group survived until the end of the experiment, whereas two ewes of ZOL group exhibited BRONJ. Conclusion: under our experimental conditions, it was possible to induce BRONJ by the chronic ZOL administration, which in turn induced a high reduction in bone resorption as well as possibly impaired bone mineralization, based on the Ca/P ratio in the mandible. (AU)

Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics of eastern Pacific rookeries.

Prior to 2008 and the discovery of several important hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting colonies in the EP (Eastern Pacific), the species was considered virtually absent from the region. Research since that time has yielded new insights into EP hawksbills, salient among them being the use of mangrove estuaries for nesting. These recent revelations have raised interest in the genetic characterization of hawksbills in the EP, studies of which have remained lacking to date. Between 2008 and 2014, we collected tissue samples from 269 nesting hawksbills at nine rookeries across the EP and used mitochondrial DNA sequences (766 bp) to generate the first genetic characterization of rookeries in the region. Our results inform genetic diversity, population differentiation, and phylogeography of the species. Hawksbills in the EP demonstrate low genetic diversity: We identified a total of only seven haplotypes across the region, including five new and two previously identified nesting haplotypes (pooled frequencies of 58.4% and 41.6%, respectively), the former only evident in Central American rookeries. Despite low genetic diversity, we found strong stock structure between the four principal rookeries, suggesting the existence of multiple populations and warranting their recognition as distinct management units. Furthermore, haplotypes EiIP106 and EiIP108 are unique to hawksbills that nest in mangrove estuaries, a behavior found only in hawksbills along Pacific Central America. The detected genetic differentiation supports the existence of a novel mangrove estuary "reproductive ecotype" that may warrant additional conservation attention. From a phylogeographic perspective, our research indicates hawksbills colonized the EP via the Indo-Pacific, and do not represent relict populations isolated from the Atlantic by the rising of the Panama Isthmus. Low overall genetic diversity in the EP is likely the combined result of few rookeries, extremely small reproductive populations and evolutionarily recent colonization events. Additional research with larger sample sizes and variable markers will help further genetic understanding of hawksbill turtles in the EP.

Perioperative desmopressin prolongs survival in surgically treated bitches with mammary gland tumours: a pilot study.

Desmopressin (1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin, also known as DDAVP) is a safe haemostatic compound capable of inhibiting lymph node and lung metastasis in a mouse model of mammary tumour manipulation and surgical excision. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy and safety of perioperative DDAVP (1microg/kg) in surgically treated bitches with mammary gland tumours (MGT). Twenty-one, otherwise healthy, intact bitches, with malignant MGT stage III or IV were randomly allocated to DDAVP (n=11) or placebo (n=10) groups. En bloc mastectomy of the affected gland/s was performed. DDAVP had a significant beneficial effect on disease-free period (P<0.01) and overall survival time (P<0.05). No side effects were seen in any of the cases. Whatever the mechanism of action, it seems that DDAVP may have a novel use in cancer surgery to minimise spread or survival of residual malignant cells. Additional, large scale controlled trials are required to fully evaluate this adjuvant pharmacological protocol.