Humor Styles in Healthcare Professionals: A Correlational Study.

Using humor as a caregiving strategy can help professionals perceive daily and work-related events from a more optimistic and light-hearted perspective. The main objective of this study was to analyze humor styles among health care professionals. A cross-sectional and correlational design was employed. Data were collected using the Humor Styles Questionnaire, which measures four humor styles: affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating humor. Health care professionals scored higher in positive humor than negative humor. Age exhibited a negative correlation with positive humor. Significant differences were observed between marital status and affiliative and self-enhancing humor, professional category and hospital unit with aggressive humor, shift work and self-enhancing humor, and type of contract and experience with affiliative humor. Health care professionals employ various humor styles based on their social and work contexts. It is crucial for health care professionals to receive training in the use of positive humor to consciously avoid humor styles that can hinder well-being.

Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de un cuestionario para medir la actitud hacia el humor en los profesionales sanitarios / Analysis of the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure the attitude towards humor in healthcare professionals

Objetivo principal: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento diseñado específicamente para evaluar la actitud ante el humor en profesionales sanitarios. Métodos: Estudio de validación, transversal. Se determinó la fiabilidad con el índice de discriminación, el coeficiente de correlación intraclase e ítem-total, el α de Cronbach y el índice de Pearson. La validez de constructo se analizó con el análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados principales: La Escala Multidimensional del Humor en Profesionales Sanitarios (EMHUPS) consta de 35 ítems y 8 factores: humor con el paciente, en el trabajo, en los cuidados, en el entorno privado, formación en humor, en el entorno sanitario, demanda de formación en humor y humor y ocio. Presenta una varianza del 60,99% y una fiabilidad de 0,88. Conclusión principal: La escala EMHUPS presenta unas propiedades psicométricas aceptables en la medida del humor en profesionales sanitarios. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument designed specifically designed to determine attitude towards humor in health professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional and a validation study. The reliability study analysed the discrimination capacity of the items with discrimination index, the intraclass and item-total correlation coefficient, the Cronbach's α coefficient and the Pearson's correlation coefficient. In the validation study, the Exploratory Factor Analysis was carried out. Results: The Multidimensional Scale of Humor in Healthcare Professionals (EMHUPS) consists of 35 items divided into 8 factors: humor with the patient, humor at work, humor and care, humor in the private environment, training in humor, humor and the sanitary environment, demand for training in humor and humor and leisure. These factors explained a total variance of 60.99% with overall reliability of 0.88. Conclusions: EMHUPS presents acceptable psychometric properties in the measurement of humor in healthcare professionals. (AU)

Outcomes of Corneal Transplant in Childhood Glaucoma.

PRCIS: Childhood glaucoma produces alterations in the postnatal development and function of various ocular structures, including the cornea. Childhood glaucoma patients present lower corneal transplant survival rates. Our series shows outcomes of corneal transplant in childhood glaucoma with survival rates of 29% at 2 years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical outcome of different types of keratoplasty in eyes with childhood glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was made of the medical records from 17 eyes of 15 patients who were diagnosed with childhood glaucoma and received a corneal transplantation between January 2010 and July 2020. Patient demographics, intraocular pressure, previous ocular surgery, comorbidities, corneal transplant surgery, and follow-up outcome were collected. The primary efficacy endpoint was graft survival (in months) until failure, the latter being considered as irreversible loss of corneal transparency. Secondary efficacy points were the need for an increase in topical hypotensive therapy and the need for additional surgery. RESULTS: Seventeen eyes of 15 patients were included, 11 eyes (10 patients) with primary congenital glaucoma and 6 with other types of childhood glaucoma. Corneal transplantation was performed at the mean age of 23.76 ± 14.86 years. At the time of the transplantation, the number of topical medications was 1.35 ± 1.27, intraocular pressure was 15.00 ± 8.34 mm Hg, and patients had received up to 7 glaucoma surgeries. Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty was performed in 13 eyes (76%) and penetrating keratoplasty in 4 (24%). After surgery, 7 (41%) eyes required increased topical treatment and 2 (12%) glaucoma surgery. Twelve eyes (71%) developed graft failure at 24 months, the mean time of survival being 13.88 ± 8.25 months. CONCLUSIONS: Management of corneal decompensation in childhood glaucoma poses a challenge. In this series of childhood glaucoma with corneal transplantations, the survival rate was 29% at 24 months.

Diseño de un instrumento de medida del humor en profesionales sanitarios / Design of an instrument to measure humor in health professionals

Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento de medida del humor en los profesionales sanitarios. Método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal de metodología mixta. Se elaboró el instrumento en varias fases: revisión bibliográfica, generación de los ítems, determinación del formato, evaluación por panel de expertos, estudio piloto, reevaluación por panel de expertos y test-retest. Se analizó la pertinencia, la relevancia y el grado de comprensión de los ítems. Se calculó la validez interobservador con el índice kappa y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase, considerándose los valores ≥ 0,61. Se utilizó la t de Student para muestras relacionadas y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Para todas las pruebas se aceptó un valor de p<0,05. Resultados: La Escala Tridimensional del Humor en Profesionales Sanitarios consta de 50 ítems medidos con una escala Likert de 5 puntos en función del grado de acuerdo. El panel de expertos valoró la escala global con 3,57 (0,79) puntos sobre 5. Se obtuvo una fiabilidad interobservador de 0,69 (p<0,001) en el estudio piloto, un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0,71 (p=0,002) y un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,69 (p=0,001) en el test-retest. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones del test-retest. Conclusión: La Escala Tridimensional del Humor en los Profesionales Sanitarios es una herramienta innovadora en la medida del humor en el contexto sanitario, creada específicamente para profesionales sanitarios. Antes de su utilización, es necesario analizar su validez y fiabilidad en futuros estudios.(AU)

Aim: The objective of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring humor in health professionals. Methods: Observational, transversal and descriptive study of mixed methodology. The instrument was designed in several phases: literature review, item generation, determination of the scale format, review by the expert panel, pilot study, reevaluation by the expert panel, and test-retest. The pertinence, relevance and comprehension of the items were analyzed. Interobserver agreement was calculated with Kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient considering values ≥ 0.61. Pared sample Student's t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. A level of statistical significance was established at P<0,05. Results: The Three-Dimensional Scale of Humor in Health Professionals consists of 50 items measured with a 5-point Likert scale based on the degree of agreement. Experts’ panel evaluated the global scale with 3.57 (0.79) points out of 5. An interobserver reliability of 0.69 (P<0.001) was obtained in the pilot study. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 (P=0.002) and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.69 (P=0.001) resulted in the test-retest. No statistically significant differences were observed between test-retest scores. Conclusion: The Three-Dimensional Scale of Humor in Health Professionals is an innovative tool for measuring humor in the health context. This scale is created specifically for health professionals. It́s necessary its validation in future studies.(AU)

Validation of the humour styles questionnaire in healthcare professionals.

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the reliability and validity of the Humour Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) in a sample of Spanish healthcare professionals. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The version of HSQ translated into Spanish by Cayssials and Pérez was used to validate on a sample of healthcare professionals (N = 250). The reliability analysed the Crombach's α coefficient and Pearson's correlation coefficient between the factors and the total scale score. The Exploratory Factor Analysis was carried out with Kaiser's criteria for the extraction of factors with Varimax rotation. RESULTS: HSQ in this study sample reproduced the similar structure of the original version with four factors (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating humour). These factors explained 44.46% of the total variance and Cronbach's ranged from 0.64-0.79. Global HSQ scale reliability was 0.82. CONCLUSION: The HSQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing humour in healthcare professionals.

Design of an instrument to measure humor in health professionals.

AIM: The objective of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring humor in health professionals. METHODS: Observational, transversal and descriptive study of mixed methodology. The instrument was designed in several phases: literature review, item generation, determination of the scale format, review by the expert panel, pilot study, reevaluation by the expert panel, and test-retest. The pertinence, relevance and comprehension of the items were analyzed. Interobserver agreement was calculated with Kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient considering values ≥0.61. Pared sample Student's t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. A level of statistical significance was established at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The Three-Dimensional Scale of Humor in Health Professionals consists of 50 items measured with a 5-point Likert scale based on the degree of agreement. Experts' panel evaluated the global scale with 3.57 (0.79) points out of 5. An interobserver reliability of 0.69 (P < 0.001) was obtained in the pilot study. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 (P = 0.002) and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.69 (P = 0.001) resulted in the test-retest. No statistically significant differences were observed between test-retest scores. CONCLUSION: The Three-Dimensional Scale of Humor in Health Professionals is an innovative tool for measuring humor in the health context. This scale is created specifically for health professionals. It's necessary its validation in future studies.

COVID-19 in donation and transplant

SARS-CoV-2 infection has had a major impact on donation and transplantation. Since the cessation of activity twoyears ago, the international medical community has rapidly generated evidence capable of sustaining and increasing this neccesary activity. This paper analyses the epidemiology and burden of COVID-19 in donation and transplantation, the pathogenesis of the infection and its relationship with graft-mediated transmission, the impact of vaccination on donation and transplantation, the evolution of donation in Spain throughout the pandemic, some lessons learned in SARS-CoV-2 infected donor recipients with positive PCR and the applicability of the main therapeutic tools recently approved for treatment among transplant recipients. (AU)

Family Refusal to Consent Donation: Retrospective Quantitative Analysis of Its Increasing Tendency and the Associated Factors Over the Last Decade at a Spanish Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Organ and tissue recovery remains limited by several factors. This study retrospectively analyzes the factors associated with family refusal to consent to donation at a high-donor-volume Spanish hospital. METHODS: Data regarding the annual number of potential donors and family refusal rates at hospital and regional levels were retrieved from 2008 to 2017. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to detect those factors independently associated with family refusal. Results were cross-validated using the data from years 2018 and 2019 as the validation group. To explore potential inter-relations between factors a Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 601 family interviews for petition of consent were conducted between 2008 and 2017, 531 (88.4%) resulted in acceptance and 70 (11.6%) resulted in refusal of the donation. Lesser experience of the interviewers (odds ratio [OR], 2.980; P = .001), donation after brain death (OR, 2.485; P = .013), number of interviews conducted per family (OR, 1.892; P < .001), age of the main decision maker (OR, 1.025; P = .045), and high or middle attributed cultural levels (OR, 0.142; P < .001 and OR, 0.199; P < .001 respectively) were observed to be independently associated with the family final decision. The logistic regression model displayed good predictive power for both derivation and validation cohorts, with an overall predictive accuracy of 80.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.747-0.870; P < .001) and 74.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.635-0.854; P = .001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Transplant coordination team members having a thorough knowledge of the family decision mechanisms may be a key factor in donation process optimization.

Attitudes towards multi-organ donation among intensive care unit nurses in transplant hospitals.

AIM: To evaluate the attitudes towards deceased multi-organ donation and transplantation among nurses within the critical care units of the six public tertiary transplant hospitals in Madrid, Spain. BACKGROUND: Spain has a rate of 49 donations per million population, whereas Madrid has a lower donation rate of 34.2 per million population. Nurses generate social opinion, and their attitude can be one of the barriers against organ donation. METHOD: An observational descriptive study was conducted among critical care units' nurses. The measuring instrument was the Collaborative International Donor Project in Organ Donation and Transplantation. Data were collected from January to October 2019, and a statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of n = 313 questionnaires achieved a response rate of 51%. Of the intensive care unit nurses surveyed, 85% had a favourable opinion towards the donation of their organs being affected by psychosocial variables related to social variables with respect to family, religion and attitude towards the body. CONCLUSION: The intensive care unit nurses of the Madrid transplant hospitals maintain a favourable attitude towards organ donation and transplantation. It is necessary to implement specialized training and periodically evaluate training in this sector. To maintain and improve the attitude towards organ donation, family discussion among health personnel should be encouraged. Religion influences the attitude of nurses and donation rates. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Intensive care nurses' attitude towards organ donation is influenced by social variables. This study shows that the attitude is positive but improvable. These findings contribute to promote awareness of the lack of organs and the benefits of organ donation.

Resultados de las entrevistas familiares en donación en asistolia no controlada / Results of interviews with families of non-heart-beating donor candidates

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[Repercussion on respiratory and hemodynamic parameters with a closed system of aspiration of secretion]. / Repercusión sobre parámetros respiratorios y hemodinámicos con un sistema cerrado de aspiración de secreciones.

Aspiration of bronchial secretions is a usual technique that may have an affect on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters of the patient. Our objects has been to assess if there are changes in these parameters based on two different aspiration systems: closed (CS) or open (OS) and to also compare the times used in the process. A clinical trial was performed using the crossing over method in which aspirations were performed to the same patient with the two systems. The onset system was randomized and, after a wash-out period of 3 hours, an alternative system was established. We recorded ventilatory, gasometric (baseline and at five minutes of finishing the technique) and hemodynamic (baseline, during the procedure and at five minutes) variables. The time used in each procedure was recorded. The aspiration was always performed with preoxygenation at 100% during one minute. A total of 26 patients subjected to mechanical ventilation in the assisted/controlled way entered the study and 52 aspirations were studied. We analyzed the data with the Student's t test for paired samples and ANOVA. There were no differences in the comparisons between the different determinations for the hemodynamic and gasometric variables. In the ventilatory ones, we only found a significant increase in the respiratory frequency posterior to the OS in regards to the baseline of the same system (p = 0.016). The time used in the technique was greater for the OS (p < 0.001). It can be concluded from the results that: 1. The aspiration technique does not produce clinically important alterations in the parameters studied. 2. There are no differences between the two aspiration systems. 3. The technique with CS is faster.