Características de los días de descanso otorgados a pacientes atendidos en una Red Asistencial de Salud de Perú / Characteristics of days of rest granted to patients treated at the health care network in Peru

Introducción: El descanso médico es una figura legal otorgada para reposar ante una lesión que incapacite, sin necesidad de que el trabajador se vea privado de sus haberes o remuneraciones laborales. Objetivo: Caracterizar los días de descanso médico según el tipo de diagnóstico en los pacientes atendidos en la seguridad social de Trujillo, Perú. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico de datos secundarios, a partir del uso de la base del otorgamiento por incapacidades temporales laborales se obtuvieron las características de los descansos médicos (medido en días), de 2009-2015 en un hospital de la seguridad social del norte del Perú. Se realizó la caracterización según el tipo de patología y la estadística analítica mediante la regresión lineal. Resultados: De los 145 077 descansos otorgados, el falso trabajo de parto fue la condición más frecuente. Los accidentes comunes, la fractura de maléolo externo, la fractura de radio y el trastorno de discos intervertebrales tuvieron más días de descanso, con un promedio superior en relación con otras incapacidades. La diarrea, la faringitis y la deshidratación generaron menos días de descanso con un promedio menor en comparación con otras patologías. En cuanto al sexo, en general, a los hombres se les otorgó más descansos laborales. Todo esto fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias marcadas en la asignación de días de descanso según las características de a quién se le dio, esto debería ser evaluado con estudios que permitan encontrar valores estándar(AU)

Introduction: Medical rest is a legal figure granted to rest in the presence of an incapacitating injury, without depriving the worker of receiving the incomes from work. Objective: To characterize the days of medical rest according to the type of diagnosis in patients treated at the social security in Trujillo, Peru. Material and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study involving secondary data, and using the basis of medical breaks (measured in days) due to temporary incapacity from 2009 to 2015 in a social security hospital in northern Peru. Characterization was obtained according to the type of pathology, and analytical statistics was performed using linear regression. Results: Of the 145077 rest days granted, false labor was the most frequent condition. However, common accidents such as external malleolus fracture, radius fracture, and intervertebral disc disorder had more days of rest, being above average for other disabilities. On the other hand, those that generated fewer days of rest were diarrhea, pharyngitis and dehydration, being below average for other pathologies. In terms of sex, in general, men were granted more medical rest. All this was statistically significant. Conclusions: There are marked differences in the allocation of days of rest according to the characteristics of the persons to whom they were given; this should be evaluated in further studies to find standard values(AU)

Tipo de trabajo como factor de riesgo para diarrea en catorce ciudades del Perú / Type of work as a risk factor for diarrhea in fourteenth cities of peru

Introducción: En ciertas ocasiones el trabajo nos expone a riesgos comunes, como el de una intoxicación alimentaria; esto puede ser por la exposición a lugares de venta no saludables, y más en Perú, que tiene un sistema sanitario aún deficiente. Objetivo: Determinar si el tipo de empleo es un factor de riesgo para el padecimiento de diarrea entre los trabajadores de catorce ciudades del Perú. Material y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva y multicéntrico. Se encuestó acerca del padecimiento de diarrea a trabajadores de catorce ciudades del Perú; esto se asoció según el tipo de trabajo que realizaban, se obtuvo datos estadísticos de asociación mediante los modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: De los 4057 encuestados, el 39% tuvo al menos un episodio de diarrea en el último año. Existía mayor riesgo de padecer diarrea en los trabajadores operarios; por el contrario, disminuían el riesgo los empleados de empresas mineras, comercio, trasporte o el sector educación; ajustado por la edad, tipo de instrucción y por su higiene diaria. Conclusión: Algunos trabajos generan riesgos para el padecimiento de diarrea, esto debe ser vigilado, ya que, puede afectar a los trabajadores y al centro de trabajo. (AU)

Introduction: On certain occasions work exposes us to common risks, such as food poisoning; This may be due to exposure to unhealthy places of sale, especially in Peru, which still has a poor health system. Objective: To determine whether the type of employment is a risk factor for the diarrhea among workers in fourteen cities in Peru. Materials and Methods: Retrospective and multicenter cohort study. Investigated diarrhea among workers attending their occupational appointments in fourteen cities in Peru. This was associated with the type of work performed. Statistical association was obtained using the generalized linear models. Results: Of the 4057 respondents, 39% had at least one episode of diarrhea in the past year. There was an increased risk of diarrhea in the last year among workers; on the other hand, the risk of employees of mining companies decreased, trade, outsourced transport or the education sector; adjusted for age, type of instruction and daily hygiene. Conclusion: Some types of work generate different risks for the diarrhea, this must be monitored and controlled, since it could have repercussions for the worker and the labor institution. (AU)

Use of seat belts among public transport drivers in Tacna, Peru: Prevalence and risk factors.

INTRODUCTION: There are individuals who still refuse to wear seat belts, despite its effectiveness in reducing morbidity and mortality in road traffic accidents. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors according to the use of seat belts among public transport drivers in Tacna, Peru. METHODOLOGY: This analytical transversal study was carried out among public transport drivers (buses and taxis) in a Peruvian city. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the general and occupational characteristics and the use of seat belts (observed). Descriptive statistics and risk factors were obtained, these latter through generalized linear models. RESULTS: Of the 460 drivers, 77% used their seat belts, with a difference in use depending on the type of public transport (p<0.001). In the multivariate model, the risk of not using the belt was associated with the following: older age (p<0.001), having complete studies (p<0.001), a higher level/category of driving license (3 categories had p<0.001), having a higher number of previous road traffic accidents (p = 0.011), and received medical attention in that accident (p<0.001), those who reported using a cell phone while driving (p = 0.005), if the co-driver's belt had 3 anchorage points (p<0.001), and working for > 5 hours that day (p = 0.002). However, male drivers and those who had their belt with 3 anchorage points had greater use (both p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: One in five drivers did not use a seat belt, and important characteristics of those who did not comply with this traffic law were evaluated to generate control and intervention measures.

Values of heart rate at rest in children and adults living at different altitudes in the Andes.

INTRODUCTION: The heart rate (HR) is useful for the monitoring of patients, but almost no studies have been found which describe their variations according to different geographic locales and altitudes using centiles in children and adults. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive, cross-sectional study of secondary data. Measurements were taken with a calibrated pulse oximeter; our participants resided in host cities for more than 2 months and underwent clinical evaluations by physicians. The results were categorized according to their age group and the altitude of residence using centile charts. RESULTS: Our sample size consisted of 6,289 subjects across different villages in Peru. Using Pearson correlation between HR and altitude, it was found in the group of patients aged 1-5 years, a coefficient of -0.118 (p value = 0.012), in the group of patients aged 6-17, 0.047 (p value = 0.025), in the group of patients aged 18-50, -0.044 (p value = 0.041) and for the group of patients aged 51-80, 0.042 (p value = 0.256). In the groups of 1-5, 6-17 and 18-50 years of age, the variations were negligible but statistically significant due to our large sample size. When all of the data was evaluated, HR values were also found to have negligible variations according to the residence altitude, with a Pearson coefficient of -0.033 (p value = 0.009). Centiles charts were used to describe the distribution of HR for different age groups by altitude of residence. CONCLUSION: There are minimal variations of the HR according to the altitude of residence in all age groups.

Tiempo de referencia asociado a la causa de mortalidad materna en el Hospital Regional Docente Materno Infantil "El Carmen", 2009-2015 / Reference time associated with the cause of maternal mortality in the Regional Maternal and Child Teaching Hospital "El Carmen", 2009- 2015

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre el tiempo de referencia y la causa mortalidad materna en el Hospital Regional Docente Materno Infantil '"El Carmen". Métodos: Estudio analítico, retrospectivo, transversal, en base a datos de todos los casos de muerte materna ocurridas en el Hospital Regional Docente Materno Infantil El Carmen. Estudio censal que cubrió la totalidad de las madres fallecidas atendidas en dicho hospital durante el periodo 2009-2015 y que sus datos se encontraron en base del establecimiento; se excluyó las historias clínicas con falta de información, incompletas, o de periodos anteriores. Resultados. De las 29 pacientes que fallecieron desde el 2009, la mediana de edades fue 28,5 años (rango intercuartílico: 27-35 años de edad); la mayoría murió en el puerperio (76,5%). La tendencia tuvo una elevación durante el transcurso del 2009 al 2015. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el tiempo de traslado (p<0,001), el tipo de complicación (p=0,019) y en la causa final de la muerte (p<0,001). Se encontró que las causas indirectas de muerte tuvieron un mayor tiempo de referencia (67,5 minutos de la causa indirecta versus 15 minutos de la causa directa), siendo esto estadísticamente significativo (p=0,0387). Conclusiones: Existe una tendencia creciente a las muertes maternas, además, se encontró diferencias del tipo de complicación y la causa final de muerte según el lugar de procedencia de las gestantes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the association between the reference time and the maternal mortality cause in the Regional Hospital Materno Infantil 'El Carmen'. Methods: Analytical, retrospective, cross - sectional study, based on data from all cases of maternal death at the Hospital Regional Materno Infantil 'El Carmen'. Census study that covered all the deceased mothers attended at that hospital during the period 2009-2015 and that their data were found on the basis of the establishment; Clinical Histories were excluded with incomplete information, or from previous periods. Results: Of the 29 patients who died since 2009, the median age was 28.5 years (interquartile range: 27-35 years of age); There were statistically significant differences in the time of transfer (p <0.001), the type of complication (p = 0.019) and in the final cause of death (p <0.001). It was found that the indirect causes of death had a longer reference time (67.5 minutes of the indirect cause versus 15 minutes of the direct cause), being this statistically significant (p = 0.0387). Conclusion: There is an increasing tendency to maternal deaths, in addition, differences were found in the type of complication and the final cause of death according to the place of origin of the pregnant women.