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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37650014

ABSTRACT

Background: There are several invasive dental procedures that require local anesthetics. However, its infiltration is usually associated with anxiety and fear, increasing the perception of pain in pediatric patients. For this reason, it is important to evaluate different strategies for its application. We compared the anesthetic effect of the administration of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:80000 non-alkalized at slow speed and alkalized at fast speed to block the inferior alveolar nerve in deciduous molars. Methods: A crossover clinical trial was carried out whose sample consisted of 38 patients between 6-10 years who required bilateral pulp treatment in their first mandibular primary molars. At the first appointment, they received 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 alkalinized epinephrine administered at a fast rate, and at the second appointment, 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 non-alkalized epinephrine administered at a low speed. We evaluated the onset of action, duration of the anesthetic effect, and intensity of pain during its infiltration. Results: We found that non-alkalized lidocaine at slow speed had a shorter onset time of action (57.21±22.21 seconds) and longer duration of effect (170.82±43.75 minutes) compared to administration of alkalinized lidocaine at fast speed (74.03±22.09 seconds, 148.24±36.24 minutes, respectively). There was no difference in the level of pain intensity. Conclusion: In this study, the slow administration of the non-alkalized local anesthetic showed a shorter onset time of action and a longer duration of the anesthetic effect in comparison with the alkalized local anesthetic administered at a rapid rate in the blockade of the inferior alveolar nerve in deciduous molars.

2.
Rev. electron ; 41(12)dic.2016. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-65992

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: el cáncer cérvico uterino provoca anualmente la muerte de muchas mujeres a nivel mundial, la mayoría en los países en desarrollo.Objetivo: caracterizar a las pacientes estudiadas por lesiones cérvico uterinas, atendidas en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna en un período de dos años, analizando variables histopatológicas, clínicas y epidemiológicas de interés.Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo de las pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de patología de cuello del referido hospital, desde enero de 2014 hasta diciembre de 2015. La población de estudio quedó conformada por las 1369 pacientes con diagnóstico de lesiones cervicales. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva a través del análisis porcentual.Resultados: el mayor número de casos, 695 para un 50,8 por ciento, perteneció al grupo de 26 a 35 años, seguido del grupo de 36 a 55 años con 541 (39,5 por ciento). Según los diferentes tipos histológicos de lesiones pre malignas cervicales se encontró mayor incidencia de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado I, 585 para un 42,7 por ciento; la infección por el virus del papiloma humano estuvo presente en el 33,6 por ciento de la muestra; el 93 por ciento de los casos con carcinoma in situ presentó cervicitis, seguido de las pacientes con neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado III, donde solo existió cervicitis en el 42,95 por ciento.Conclusiones: las lesiones cérvico uterinas fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de 26 a 35 años de edad; la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado I fue la lesión pre maligna más frecuente y la cervicitis estuvo presente en la mayoría de los carcinoma in situ (AU)


Background: cervical cancer annually causes the death of many women on a worldwide scale, mostly in developing countries.Objective: to characterize the patients studied due to cervicouterine lesions, attended to at "Dr. Ernesto Guevara" General Teaching Hospital in a period of two years, analyzing histopathological, clinical and epidemiological variables of interest.Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with the patients who visited the department of pathology of uterine neck of the hospital herein mentioned from January 2014 to December 2015. The study population consisted of 1369 patients diagnosed with cervical lesions. Descriptive statistics was used for the percentage analysis.Results: the greatest number of cases, 695 for 50,8 percent, belonged to the 26 to 35 age group, followed by the 36 to 55 group with 541 (39,5 percent). According to the different histological types of premalignant cervical lesions, a higher incidence of grade I cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was found, 585 for 42,7 percent; infection with the human papillomavirus was present in 33,6 percent of the sample; 93 percent of cases with in situ carcinoma had cervicitis, followed by patients with grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, where only cervicitis existed in 42,95 percent.Conclusions: cervicouterine lesions were more frequent in the 26 to 35 age group; grade I cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was the most frequent premalignant lesion and cervicitis was present in most of the in situ carcinomas (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Uterine Neoplasms
3.
Rev. electron ; 41(10)oct. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-65971

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave (MMEG), complicación grave que ocurre durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio, pone en riesgo la vida de la mujer.Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo de morbilidad materna extremadamente grave, en embarazadas atendidas en el servicio de Ginecobstetricia del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”, en Las Tunas, durante los años 2012 a 2014.Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de tipo casos y control, en el declarado lugar y período de tiempo. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por todas las puérperas ingresadas. Se seleccionó una muestra de 80 pacientes que ingresaron en estado crítico, grupo estudio, y 160 pacientes con evolución satisfactoria en sala, grupo control. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y tarjetones de seguimiento prenatal.Resultados: la preeclampsia, el hematoma retroplacentario, la placenta previa, la sepsis ovular, la rotura uterina, la sepsis puerperal y la operación cesárea, mostraron asociación causal como factores de riesgo de la morbilidad crítica en la gestante. La atención prenatal adecuada y el parto fisiológico constituyeron factores protectores. No se obtuvo asociación causal estadísticamente significativa en las pacientes que presentaban enfermedades crónicas como cardiopatía, anemia, asma bronquial, así como las enfermedades propias del embarazo, rotura prematura de membranas y diabetes gestacional.Conclusiones: se identificaron los factores de riesgo de morbilidad materna extremadamente grave en embarazadas de Las Tunas (AU)


Background: severe maternal morbidity is a serious complication that occurs during pregnancy, labor and puerperium and is a risk for womens life.Objective: to determine the risk factors for extremely serious maternal morbidity in pregnant w omen seen at the obstetric and gynecology service of “Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” General Teaching Hospital of Las Tunas, from 2012 through 2014.Methods: a retrospective analytic study of the type cases and control was carried out at the place and during the time herein mentioned. The sample was made up of 80 patients that were admitted in a critical condition, as the study group, and 160 patients that progressed satisfactorily in the ward, as the control group. The clinical histories and prenatal follow-up charts were checked.Results: preeclampsia, retroplacental hematoma, placenta previa, ovular sepsis, uterine rupture, puerperal sepsis and cesarean section showed causal association as risk factors for critical morbidity in pregnant women. Adequate prenatal care and physiological labor were protecting factors. Statistically there was no significant causal association in those patients who presented chronic diseases as cardiopathies, anemia, bronchial asthma, as well as pregnancy conditions, premature rupture of membranes and gestational diabetes (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy , Diabetes, Gestational
4.
Rev. electron ; 41(6)jun 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-65928

ABSTRACT

La incidencia del embarazo ectópico se ha incrementado durante los últimos años. La variedad abdominal es una de las menos frecuentes, representando alrededor del 1 por ciento de los mismos y se asocian con una alta tasa de mortalidad materna y fetal. Algunos casos pueden llegar al término y muchos menos obtener un recién nacido en buenas condiciones. Se presenta el caso de un inusual embarazo abdominal avanzado, con feto vivo. Se realiza laparotomía de urgencia a las 31,2 semanas de gestación, motivada por una sepsis grave; se extrajo un recién nacido masculino, de 1450 gramos, con Apgar 4/6/7. Madre e hijo sobrevivieron y se encuentran en buen estado de salud(AU)


The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has increased during the last years. The abdominal kind is one of the least frequent ones; only 1 percent of the ectopic pregnancies are abdominal and they are associated with a high maternal and fetal mortality rate. Some cases can arrive at full term, and fewer cases can obtain a newborn in good conditions. The following case is an unusual presentation of an advanced abdominal ectopic pregnancy with a live fetus. After an emergency laparotomy at 31,2 weeks of gestation, brought about by a severe sepsis, a live male newborn, weighing 1450 gr, with Apgar 4/6/7 was extracted. Mother and son survived and they are in good state of health(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Fetus , Pregnancy, Abdominal/epidemiology , Case Reports
5.
Rev Electron ; 38(7)jul. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-54180

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de describir algunos factores de riesgo asociados a la Enfermedad Hipertensiva Gestacional (EHG), en la Clínica Comoro, del distrito Dili, en el período comprendido del 1 de junio de 2006 al 31 de mayo de 2007. La muestra quedó constituida por 99 embarazadas con diagnóstico de hipertensión gestacional. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, paridad, factores de riesgo (antecedentes familiares de hipertensión arterial, pielonefritis, obesidad, antecedentes de eclampsia, alcoholismo y tabaquismo), enfermedades crónicas asociadas y formas clínicas presentadas. La EHG se presentó con más frecuencia en las pacientes del grupo de edad de 35 años y más, seguido por el grupo de 15-19 años. La nuliparidad predominó en las gestantes estudiadas. El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue el antecedente familiar de hipertensión arterial. La forma clínica que prevaleció fue la pre eclampsia-eclampsia (AU)


An observational, descriptive and transversal study with the objective to specify some risk factors of the gestational hypertension was carried out from June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2007 at Comoro Clinic, Dili Distrit, in Timor Leste. The study group sample was made up by 99 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension. The variables studied were: age, parity, family history of chronic hypertension, pyelonephritis, obesity, previous history of eclampsia, alcoholism and smoking, chronic illness and clinic presentation of gestational hypertension. It was most frequently found in patients with more than 35 years old, followed by the group from 15 to 19 years old. Nulliparous patients prevailed. The most frequent risk factor was the family antecedent of hypertension. The clinical form that prevailed was pre eclampsia-eclampsia (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
6.
Rev Electron ; 38(6)jul. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-54173

ABSTRACT

La incidencia de embarazo ectópico ha aumentado en los últimos años hasta 1:43 recién nacidos. La variedad abdominal es una de las menos frecuentes, su incidencia es de 1:10mil nacidos vivos. El 1 por ciento de los embarazos ectópicos son abdominales y la implantación en el epiplón es una rara entidad. Pueden clasificarse como primarios o secundarios en función de que se originen o no en la cavidad peritoneal. Se presenta un caso de embarazo abdominal primario, localizado en cara posterior del útero y recto, con edad gestacional 16 semanas y feto muerto, en una paciente de 25 años, atendida en el Hospital General Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, con antecedentes de salud, G0 P0 A0, con método anticonceptivo DIU retirado seis meses antes. Se trata de un embarazo abdominal primario, puesto que la anatomía patológica informó ausencia de invasión trofloblástica en la trompa izquierda. El manejo placentario en este caso no permitió realizar la remoción completa de la misma. El seguimiento ecográfico y control de gonadotropinas evidenció una evolución favorable de la paciente, sin requerir manejo de metotrexate (AU)


The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has increased during the last years up to 1:43 newborns. The abdominal kind is one of the least frequent ones, its incidence is 1:10 000 alive newborns. Only 1 per cent of the ectopic pregnancies are abdominal and its implantation in the omentum is a rare condition. They can be classified as primary or secondary, depending on whether they are originated or not in the peritoneal cavity. A case of a primary abdominal pregnancy, located in the posterior wall of the uterus and the rectum of a 25-year-old patient with 16 weeks of pregnancy and fetal death is reported in Ernesto Guevara Hospital. She had antecedents of previous health, G0, P0, A0,and having used an intrauterine device, it was removed 6 months ago. A primary abdominal pregnancy was diagnosed because the histopathological research informed lack of trophoblastic invasion in left tube. It was not possible to completely remove the placenta when handling it. The patients control of gonadotropins and echographic following up showed a favorable evolution without need of methotrexate (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy, Abdominal , Pregnancy, Ectopic
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