ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency correction with ferric carboxymaltose improves symptoms and reduces rehospitalization in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. The mechanisms underlying these improvements are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine changes in left ventricular contractility after iron treatment as reflected in global longitudinal strain. METHODS: Prospective single-center study including 43 adults with reduced ejection fraction, non-anemic iron deficiency, and functional class II-III heart failure despite optimal medical treatment. Global longitudinal strain through speckle-tracking echocardiography was measured at baseline and 4 weeks after ferric carboxymaltose. RESULTS: A significant improvement in global longitudinal strain was detected (from -12.3% ± 4.0% at baseline to -15.6% ± 4.1%, p < .001); ferritin and transferrin saturation index had increased, but ejection fraction presented no significant changes (baseline 35.7% ± 4.6%, follow-up 37.2% ± 6.6%, p = .073). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, the correction of iron deficiency with ferric carboxymaltose is associated with an early improvement in global longitudinal strain, possibly suggesting a direct effect of iron correction on myocardial contractility.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Heart Failure , Iron Deficiencies , Maltose/analogs & derivatives , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Adult , Humans , Stroke Volume , Prospective Studies , Global Longitudinal Strain , Ventricular Function, Left , Ferric Compounds/therapeutic use , Ferric Compounds/pharmacology , Iron/pharmacology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure/complications , Heart Failure/diagnostic imaging , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/complications , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapyABSTRACT
Left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to the large myocardial mass at risk. Although medical treatment may be an option in selected low-risk patients, revascularisation is recommended to improve survival in the majority of patients presenting with a significant left main stenosis. In the past decade, multiple randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses have compared coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), finding controversial results. The strategy for LMCAD revascularisation is still challenging. Coronary anatomy complexity, clinical features and patient preferences are key elements to be considered by the heart team. The current guidelines define CABG as standard therapy, but the continuous improvements in PCI techniques, the use of intracoronary imaging and functional assessment make PCI a feasible alternative in selected patients, particularly in those with comorbidities and contraindications to CABG. This review analyses the most important studies comparing CABG versus PCI in patients with LMCAD.
