Recomendações para o manejo de pacientes com formas graves de dengue / Guidelines for the management of patients with severe forms of dengue

A dengue é a infecção viral transmitida por mosquito mais frequente no planeta. No Brasil a incidência vem aumentando em sucessivas epidemias, com uma proporção crescente de casos graves. A qualidade da assistência prestada influencia diretamente o prognóstico da doença. Estas recomendações apresentam o manejo das formas graves de dengue, incluindo o reconhecimento de sinais de alerta, o tratamento visando o pronto re-estabelecimento da euvolemia e a avaliação e cuidado das potenciais complicações, no intuito de reduzir a morbi-mortalidade de crianças e adultos infectados.

Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral infection worldwide. In Brazil, the incidence has increased with successive epidemics, and an increasing proportion of patients present with severe forms of the disease. The prognosis for these patients is directly influenced by the quality of medical care. These guidelines present the management of the severe forms of dengue, including the recognition of warning signs, the treatment for prompt re-establishment of euvolemia and the evaluation and appropriate care of potential complications, thus reducing morbidity and mortality of infected children and adults.

Guidelines for the management of patients with severe forms of dengue. / Recomendações para o manejo de pacientes com formas graves de dengue.

Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral infection worldwide. In Brazil, the incidence has increased with successive epidemics, and an increasing proportion of patients present with severe forms of the disease. The prognosis for these patients is directly influenced by the quality of medical care. These guidelines present the management of the severe forms of dengue, including the recognition of warning signs, the treatment for prompt re-establishment of euvolemia and the evaluation and appropriate care of potential complications, thus reducing morbidity and mortality of infected children and adults.

Outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer and severe acute illnesses.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of patients with head and neck cancer and severe acute illnesses, and to identify characteristics associated with hospital mortality. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Ten-bed medical-surgical oncologic intensive care unit (ICU). PATIENTS: Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU over a 68-month period. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Demographic, clinical and cancer-related data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of hospital mortality. One hundred and twenty-one patients aged 63.3+/-14.7 years were enrolled in the study. The main sites of primary tumor were oral cavity (30%), larynx (25%), pharynx (14%) and thyroid (9%). The main reasons for ICU admission were sepsis (37%) and acute respiratory failure (20%). The mean SAPS II score was 49.6+/-17.8 points, and during ICU stay 100 (83%) patients received mechanical ventilation, 70 (58%), vasopressors, and 12 (10%), dialysis. The ICU, hospital and 6-month mortality rates were 39%, 56% and 72%, respectively. A performance status >or=2 [odds ratio (OR)=5.17 (95% confidence interval, CI=1.84-14.53)], advanced cancer (TNM stage IV) [OR=3.80 (95% CI=1.28-11.28)], and the number of organ failures [OR=2.87 (95% CI=1.83-4.50)] were associated with increased mortality in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with clinical judgment and taking into consideration the patient's preferences and values, the knowledge of these outcome predictors may be useful in helping physicians to identify patients who might benefit from the intensive care and to improve discussions on patients' prognosis.

Cutaneous periumbilical purpura in disseminated strongyloidiasis in cancer patients: a pathognomonic feature of potentially lethal disease?

Cutaneous manifestations in disseminated strongyloidiasis are infrequent but should raise the suspicion for its diagnosis. We retrospectively evaluated the charts of six patients with cancer and a proven diagnosis of disseminated strongyloidiasis. All patients had received prophylaxis with albendazole before starting antineoplastic therapy, which included high-dose steroids. They presented with septic shock, acute respiratory failure and characteristic purpuric periumbilical skin lesions. Strongyloides larvae were identified in tracheal aspirates (n=5), gastric aspirates (n=4), lung (n=2) and skin biopsies (n=2). All patients died despite antihelminthic therapy and intensive care support.

Cutaneous periumbilical purpura in disseminated strongyloidiasis in cancer patients: a pathognomonic feature of potentially lethal disease?

Cutaneous manifestations in disseminated strongyloidiasis are infrequent but should raise the suspicion for its diagnosis. We retrospectively evaluated the charts of six patients with cancer and a proven diagnosis of disseminated strongyloidiasis. All patients had received prophylaxis with albendazole before starting antineoplastic therapy, which included high-dose steroids. They presented with septic shock, acute respiratory failure and characteristic purpuric periumbilical skin lesions. Strongyloides larvae were identified in tracheal aspirates (n=5), gastric aspirates (n=4), lung (n=2) and skin biopsies (n=2). All patients died despite antihelminthic therapy and intensive care support.

Performance of six severity-of-illness scores in cancer patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit: a prospective observational study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of five general severity-of-illness scores (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and III-J, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, and the Mortality Probability Models at admission and at 24 hours of intensive care unit [ICU] stay), and to validate a specific score - the ICU Cancer Mortality Model (CMM) - in cancer patients requiring admission to the ICU. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was performed in an oncological medical/surgical ICU in a Brazilian cancer centre. Data were collected over the first 24 hours of ICU stay. Discrimination was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration was done using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit H-tests. RESULTS: A total of 1257 consecutive patients were included over a 39-month period, and 715 (56.9%) were scheduled surgical patients. The observed hospital mortality was 28.6%. Two performance analyses were carried out: in the first analysis all patients were studied; and in the second, scheduled surgical patients were excluded in order to better compare CMM and general prognostic scores. The results of the two analyses were similar. Discrimination was good for all of the six studied models and best for Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III-J. However, calibration was uniformly insufficient (P < 0.001). General scores significantly underestimated mortality (in comparison with the observed mortality); this was in contrast to the CMM, which tended to overestimate mortality. CONCLUSION: None of the model scores accurately predicted outcome in the present group of critically ill cancer patients. In addition, there was no advantage of CMM over the other general models.