Ocorrência de envolvimento dental em vítimas de violência / Occurrence of dental involvement in victims of violence

Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência de envolvimento dentário relatada em laudos de exame de corpo de delito com envolvimento facial decorrentes de violência interpessoal. Material e métodos: estudo observacional analítico, de caráter retrospectivo que verificou a ocorrência de envolvimento dental relatada em todos os laudos de exame de corpo de delito com envolvimento facial, decorrentes de violência interpessoal, emitidos pelo Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Taubaté-SP em um período de 24 meses, considerando gênero e faixa etária. Resultados: Dos 12.184 laudos emitidos no período analisado, 1971 (16,17%) descreviam lesões faciais decorrentes de agressão, e destes, 5,07% continham relatos de envolvimento dentário. A lesão de maior ocorrência foi a fratura (2,99%), a faixa etária, entre 16 e 24 anos (31,42%) e o gênero, o masculino (56%). Conclusão: As lesões faciais decorrentes de violência interpessoal no período analisado totalizaram 16,17% do total dos casos, com 1,97% destes apresentando relato de envolvimento dentário. (AU)

Objective: To verify the occurrence of dental involvement described in medical examination reports on facial trauma resulting from interpersonal violence. Material and methods: an observational, analytical, and retrospective study that verified the dental involvement described in all the medical examination reports involving facial trauma, arising from interpersonal violence, issued by the Instituto Médico Legal - IML (Forensic Medicine Institute) of Taubaté, in São Paulo state, in a period of 24 months, considering gender and age group. Results: Of the 12,184 reports issued during the period studied, 1,971 (16.17%) described facial injuries resulting from aggression, and of these, 5.07% contained reports of dental involvement. The most frequent injury was a fracture (2.99%), in the age range between 16 and 24 years (31.42%), and the gender, male (56%). Conclusion: The facial injuries resulting from interpersonal violence in the analyzed period amounted to 16.17% of the total of cases, with 5.07% of these presenting reports of dental involvement.(AU)

Correspondence of the auricular acupoint with the upper trapezius muscle: a electromyographic study.

Presently, acupuncture is a technique considered to be capable of stimulating the regulatory systems of the organism, such as the central nervous system, the endocrine system and the immunological system. The median frequency of the upper trapezium muscle with 40% and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of 15 healthy volunteers, was analyzed after the individuals were submitted to the AA treatment. The non-parametric Friedman test was used to compare median frequency values. In this exploratory study, the level of significance of each comparison was set to p<0.05. The intraclass analyses indicate a significant increase of the median frequency muscle at 60% of the MVC (Wicoxon test). Based on the results found, the AA peripheral stimulus can act as a modulator mechanism of muscle activity and was possible to verify correspondence of the auricular acupoint with the trapezius muscle.

Comportamento dos músculos cervicais em indivíduos com fala esofágica e laringe artificial / Behavior of cervical muscles in individuals with esophageal speech and artificial larynx

OBJETIVO: avaliar através da eletromiografia de superfície o comportamento dos músculos esternocleidomastóideo e paraespinhais cervicais bilateralmente em pacientes que se comunicam por meio da fala esofágica e laringe artificial, para determinar se o tipo de voz utilizada altera o comportamento dos músculos cervicais. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados dez voluntários (duas mulheres e oito homens), idade média de 49,7 anos, com laringectomia total, tempo de pós-operatório médio de 2,6 anos, com limitação dos movimentos do pescoço, divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1: cinco voluntários (laringe artificial); grupo 2: cinco voluntários (voz esofágica); grupo 3 controle (sete voluntários). RESULTADOS: na fonação não houve alteração no padrão de ativação muscular dos indivíduos que utilizam a voz esofágica e a laringe artificial, com relação ao grupo controle. No entanto, na condição de repouso houve diferença significativa, comparando-se os valores médios de Root Mean Square dos grupos 1 e 2 com o grupo 3, para o músculo esternocleidomastóideo direito e para os músculos paraespinhais cervicais direito. CONCLUSÃO: o tipo de opção vocal não interferiu no padrão de ativação muscular durante a fonação, bem como não existiu diferença no padrão de ativação muscular na fonação dos voluntários quando comparados a indivíduos sem intercorrências no aparelho fonador.

PURPOSE: to evaluate by the surface electromyography the behavior of the sternocleidomastoid and cervical paraspinalis muscles, bilaterally in patients who use esofagic and artificial larynx as alternative to talk and to determine if these conditions modify the cervical muscles behavior. METHODS: ten volunteers were evaluated (two women, eight men), with average age: 49. 7 years, with total laryngectomy, average time of postoperative: 2.6 years, with neck movements limitation, divided in two groups: group 1 with five volunteers (artificial larynx); group 2 with five volunteers (esofagic voice); and group 3 control (seven volunteers). RESULTS: there was no significant difference in the muscular activation pattern during phonation in individuals with esofagic voice and the artificial larynx compared to the control group, however, in the rest condition, there was a significant difference comparing the average values of Root Mean Square (RMS) of groups 1 and 2 with group 3, for the right sternocleidomastoid muscle and the right cervical paraspinalis muscles. CONCLUSION: the vocal option did not interfere on the muscular activation pattern during the phonation, as well as there was no difference in the muscular activation pattern comparing the experimental groups with the control group.

Electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles with different facial types.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter and anterior portion of temporal muscles in different vertical facial types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical examination, cephalometric analysis, and electromyographic examination were performed in 44 volunteers ranging from 18 to 35 years old. The volunteers were classified on the basis of their vertical facial characteristics into three groups-brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolicofacial-by the grouping analysis. The EMG records were obtained with three repetitions during mandibular rest, maximum voluntary contraction in intercuspidation, and simultaneous bilateral isotonic contraction. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests were applied to verify the normality and homogeneity of variance. Analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test identified statistical differences among groups that did not present normality and homogeneity of distribution, respectively. Significance for all statistical tests was set at P < .05. RESULTS: At rest, only the right temporal and masseter muscles presented statistically significant differences among the groups. The differences were observed between groups 1 and 2 (P = .02) and 1 and 3 (P = .038) for the right temporal muscle, and between groups 1 and 2 (P = .029) for the right masseter muscle. Generally, group 1 presented the lowest EMG values for the four muscles evaluated during rest. For isotonic evaluation, none of the groups of muscles presented statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Different vertical facial types do not determine distinct patterns of EMG activity for the masseter and anterior portion of temporal muscles during rest and bilateral mastication.

A histomorphometrical study of the effects of ethanol on enamel formation in rat mandibular molars during pregnancy

The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy causes fetal congenital malformations, including craniofacial and orodental defects, as a result of interference with normal embryonic development. In this work, we examined the effects of alcohol on tooth development and enamel formation in rats. Alcohol was administered to female rats in the drinking water starting at a concentration of 1% followed by weekly increases to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. In the seventh week, the rats were mated and continued to receive 25% alcohol until delivery. On postnatal day 5, three offsprings of each mother were killed and their hemimandibules removed, processed and embedded in araldite. Sections 1 µm thick were cut and stained with 1% toluidine blue and histomorphometric analysis of the dental germ and enamel matrix was done. During the postnatal period, the body weights of the offspring from treated dams were significantly smaller than the controls. In addition, the relative volumes of the tooth germ and enamel matrix were always smaller in the offspring of dams treated with alcohol. These results indicated that the ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy interfered with the development of the tooth germ and the secretion of the enamel matrix.

Histomorphometric analysis of homogenous demineralized dentin matrix as osteopromotive material in rabbit mandibles.

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of homogenous demineralized dentin matrix (HDDM) slices in surgical bone defects created in the mandibles of rabbits and occluded with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane in the promotion of bone growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgical bone defects were created in 36 adult rabbits and divided into 4 groups: bone defect (control), bone defect with PTFE membrane, bone defect with HDDM, and bone defect with both HDDM and a PTFE membrane (HDDM + PTFE). The rabbits were sacrificed after 30, 60, and 90 days, and the bone defects were examined histologically and by histomorphometric analysis (analysis of variance and the Tukey test). RESULTS: The volume of newly formed bone matrix was significantly greater in the HDDM and HDDM + PTFE groups than in the control and PTFE groups. The discrete inflammatory reaction found in the HDDM and HDDM + PTFE groups did not prevent the osteopromotive activity of the dentin matrix. DISCUSSION: HDDM slices were biocompatible and were resorbed during the bone remodeling process. They stimulated the newly formed bone until 30 days after implantation. CONCLUSION: Bone repair was accelerated in the bone defects treated with HDDM in comparison to the control group.

Kinetics of labelled precursors incorporated in the enamel matrix during amelogenesis as shown by radioautography

The kinetics of (3)H-tymidine and (3)H-proline incorporated by ameloblasts and enamel, were studied in undecalcified mouse incisors from birth to 6 days of age. Serial cross sections of unfixed right incisors were cut with a cryotome. The left incisors were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in polybed as to get sagital 1 mum-thick sections. (3)H-thymidine was used to determine the apparent daily migration rate of ameloblasts, which was 513 mum in the unfixed sections and 610 mum/p.d. in the fixed ones. The semi-thin epon-embedded sections were also used to measure the lengths of the regions of the secretory and post-secretory zone of amelogenesis and to determine their growth during the experimental period. (3)H-proline was used to show the fate of the enamel proteins by correlating the radiactivity, determined by silver grain counts, with the migration rate of the ameloblasts. The results showed that the (3)H-proline labeled protein reached a peak of radiactivity at 4 h over ameloblasts and between 24 and 48 h after injection over enamel. In the unfixed section of the righ incisor a second peak of reaction was shown at48 h over ameloblasts and at72 h over enamel matrix. All these peaks were related to ameloblasts and enamel of the secretory zone. These results were interpreted as the evidence of reabsorption and reutilization of labeled proteins broken down in the young enamel, but may also be explained as secretion of low molecular weight proteins which are not kept by fixation. Another evidence of reutilization of labeled compounts for the biosynthesis of enamel proteins were given by the labeling of ameloblasts and enamel formed after birth at a considerable time after the pulse of (3)H-proline.