ABSTRACT
Introducción: La macrofauna del suelo cumple un rol clave en los procesos del suelo, por lo tanto, regula la oferta se servicios ecosistémicos; sin embargo, su nivel de actividad depende en gran parte de las condiciones edafoclimáticas. Objetivo: El presente trabajo evaluó el efecto del gradiente de altitud sobre comunidades de macrofauna del suelo y propiedades edafoclimáticas en zonas cafeteras del Norte del Huila. Métodos: El estudio incluyó 12 lotes de café separados en dos gradientes de altitud: bajo (1 300-1 600 m.s.n.m) y alto (1 600-1 900 m.s.n.m), se recolectó la macrofauna del suelo mediante monolitos (25 x 25 cm a 30 cm de profundidad) y se estudiaron las condiciones edafoclimáticas. Resultados: En total se registró 9 520 individuos m-2 y una riqueza específica de 14 táxones. Las condiciones edafoclimáticas con mayor diferencia estadística entre los gradientes de altitud, fue la temperatura ambiente y humedad relativa con diferencias de 4.9 °C y 10.4 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La mayor abundancia de Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera y Lepidoptera se presentó en sitios más cálidos, es decir a un gradiente de altitud entre 1 300-1 600 m.s.n.m, mientras que Chilopoda y Diplopoda se adaptaron mejor a sitios más fríos en el gradiente altitudinal entre 1 600-1 900 m.s.n.m.
Introduction: Soil macrofauna plays a key role in soil processes and therefore regulates the supply of ecosystem services; however, its level of activity depends largely of the edaphoclimatic conditions. Objective: This work evaluated the effect of altitude gradient on soil macrofauna communities and edafoclimatic properties in coffee zones of North Huila. Methods: The study included 12 coffee lots separated in two altitude gradients: low (1 300-1 600 masl) and high (1 600-1 900 masl). Soil macrofauna was collected by means of monoliths (25 x 25 cm with 30 cm depth) and edaphoclimatic conditions were studied. Results: A total of 9 520 individuals m-2 and a specific richness of 14 taxa were registered. The edaphoclimatic conditions with the greatest statistical difference between altitude gradients were the environmental temperature and relative humidity with differences of 4.9 °C and 10.4 %, respectively. Conclusions: The highest abundance of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera was presented in warmer sites, that is, altitude gradient 1 300-1 600 masl, while Chilopoda and Diplopoda adapted better to colder sites in altitude gradient 1 600-1 900 m.a.s.l.
Subject(s)
Animals , Climate Change , Crop Production , Coffee/growth & development , Oligochaeta/anatomy & histology , Colombia , AltitudeABSTRACT
Dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are widely recognised as important providers of multiple ecosystem services and are currently experiencing revisions that have improved our understanding of higher-level relationships in the subfamily. However, the study of phylogenetic relationships at the level of genus or species is still lagging behind. In this study we investigated the New World beetle genus Dichotomius, one of the richest within the New World Scarabaeinae, using the most comprehensive molecular and morphological dataset for the genus to date (in terms of number of species and individuals). Besides evaluating phylogenetic relationships, we also assessed species delimitation through a novel Bayesian approach (iBPP) that enables morphological and molecular data to be combined. Our findings support the monophyly of the genus Dichotomius but not that of the subgenera Selenocopris and Dichotomius sensu stricto (s.s). Also, our results do not support the recent synonymy of Selenocopris with Luederwaldtinia. Some species-groups within the genus were recovered, and seem associated with elevational distribution. Our species delimitation analyses were largely congruent irrespective of the set of parameters applied, but the most robust results were obtained when molecular and morphological data were combined. Although our current sampling and analyses were not powerful enough to make definite interpretations on the validity of all species evaluated, we can confidently recognise D. nisus, D. belus and D. mamillatus as valid and well differentiated species. Overall, our study provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and classification of dung beetles and has broad implications for their systematics and evolutionary analyses.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recent data have shown that non invasive prenatal test (NIPT) for the detection of fetal aneuploidies (chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, Y, and triploidy) by cell free fetal DNA in maternal blood (cfDNA) is a clinical reality, with detection rates > 99% and false positive rates of 0.1%. Results that exceed the first trimester screening. OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience of 2 years integrating NIPT by cfADN in its variant of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) as a screening method for the detection of common aneuploidies, since nine weeks of gestation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational prospective study from March 2013 to February 2015. Women with a singleton pregnancy were offered conventional prenatal screening fetal aneuploidy and or new alternative NIPT-SNPs. RESULTS: 270 women were included,the mean maternal age was 35.3 years with a mean gestational age of 11.85 weeks. The result was obtained in 98.5%, with an average report time of 7.5 working days. Blood collection was repeated in fifteen patients, obtaining the result in eleven. The NIPT tested positive for ten cases, 8 for trisomy 21, one for trisomy 18 and one trisomy 13. CONCLUSIONS: We describe our first two years of integrating NIPT-SNPs to obstetric private practice, that is an alternative screening with the potential to be incorporated into theexisting algorithms in prenatal care, from the ninth week of gestation. We expect this information will motivate a debate on the issue of prenatal screening and get to improve obstetric care and genetic counseling in Mexico.
Subject(s)
Aneuploidy , Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , DNA/analysis , Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Fetal Diseases/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Adult , Female , Humans , Mexico , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chromosomal abnormalities are a frequent cause of infertility. There is not consensus if should be included in the work-up of infertile couple. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in our population of infertile couple and support the cytogenetic exam in the initial protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 787 infertile patients divided in five groups, to whom a cytogenetic exam was performed between January 2004 and April 2007. RESULTS: The prevalence of general chromosomal abnormalities was 12.5% (98/787). We found a 14.8% (34/229) with severe male factor, 14.3% (2/14) with premature ovarian failure, 12.3% (20/162) with recurrent pregnancy loss, 8% (9/112) idiopathic infertility and 12.2% (33/270) associated with other causes. The major alterations correspond to trisomies, translocations, and 9 chromosome markers. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study are consistent with those reported in the literature which are associated with a greater prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in infertile couples compared with the general population, this findings show the importance of consider the cytogenetic study in the initial diagnosis protocol of infertile couple.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/statistics & numerical data , Infertility/genetics , Female , Health Facilities , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Se presentan dos casos con impresión diagnóstica de paracoccidiomicosis provenientes de la zona suburbana de Caracas. La importancia de este reporte es más que todo epidemiológica
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Paracoccidioidomycosis/epidemiology , Pulmonary MedicineABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fué establecer la prevalencia del pterigio en dos poblaciones colombianas ubicadas en altitudes diferentes y comparar varios factores de riesgo que han sido poco estudiados en el pais. Es un estudio descriptivo que analiza la consulta oftalmológica durante 6 meses en el ISS de Bogotá y Barranquilla entre Abril 1 y Octubre 30 de 1993. La consulta fué de 2169 paciente en Barranquilla (0 metros), de los cuales 116 (5.34 por ciento) tenían pterigio y en Bogotá (2360 metros sobre el mar) fué de 3681, de los cuales 73 (1.98 por ciento) tenían pterigio. Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0.0003). En los dispensarios del ISS de las dos ciudades se utilizó un formato de historia clínica para recolección de datos y una hoja-tabla para calcular la prevalencia. Usamos el mismo formato el análisis de los factores de riesgo con los pacientes de control. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con el programa SPSS (V.5.01) utilizando regresión logística para los factores de riesgo y ji-cuadrado para la prevalencia. Encontrando relación de la actividad y la presencia de pterigio con variables como antecedentes familiares de pterigio, exposición solar, procedencia rural. Destacando que no hallando relación con alergias ni con el uso de gafas
