ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El número de cesáreas en todo el mundo se ha incrementado de forma importante y nuestro país no es la excepción. En algunos lugares se supera el 60% de cesáreas en relación al parto vaginal. No existe una clasificación adecuada para el análisis de este incremento. La clasificación de los 10 grupos de Robson se basa en cuatro pilares: a) antecedentes obstétricos; b) progreso del parto; c) categoría del embarazo; y d) edad gestacional. Sugerimos utilizar la clasificación de Robson para determinar qué grupo de mujeres embarazadas contribuyen más al total de cesáreas en nuestra institución. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal, observacional, de 2014 al 2016, incluyendo a todas las embarazadas con más de 27 semanas de gestación. Se resolvió el embarazo a 706 mujeres con un porcentaje de cesárea del 65.29%. El promedio de edad fue de 31 ± 4.2 años, y el de la edad gestacional fue de 38.5 ± 6.7 semanas. Eran primigestas el 47%. La indicación materna más frecuente de cirugía fue por cesárea iterativa, y la fetal por distocia de presentación. En cuanto a la ubicación del mayor número de pacientes dentro de la clasificación de Robson, fue el grupo 5 con un 21.24%, seguido del grupo 2 con un 13.88% y del grupo 1 con un 9.6%. CONCLUSIÓN: La existencia de cicatriz uterina previa fue el factor determinante en la mayor parte de las cesáreas. Sugerimos incidir sobre la indicación de la primera cesárea y así disminuir cicatrices uterinas. INTRODUCTION: The increase of cesarean sections worldwide has increased significantly, our country is no exception, in some places it exceeds 60% of cesarean sections in relation to vaginal delivery, there is no adequate classification for the analysis of this increase. The classification of the 10 groups of Robson is based on four pillars: a) obstetric history; b) progress of labor; c) category of pregnancy; and d) gestational age. We suggest using Robson's classification to determine which group of pregnant women contribute most to the total number of cesareans in our institution. METHOD: This retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from 2014 to 2016, all pregnant women with more than 27 weeks' gestation were included. Pregnancy was resolved in 706 women with a caesarean section of 65.29%, mean age was 31 ± 4.2 years, and gestational age 38.5 ± 6.7 weeks. 46.74% were primiparous. The most frequent maternal indication for surgery was by iterative cesarean section and the fetal one was due to presentation dystocia, as for the location of the patients within the Robson classification was group 5 with 21.24%, group 2 with 13.88% and the 1 with 9.6%. CONCLUSION: The previous uterine scarring was the determining factor in most of the cesarean sections, we suggest to influence the indication of the first cesarean section and thus to avoid uterine scars.
Subject(s)
Cesarean Section/classification , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gynecology , Hospital Departments , Hospitals , Humans , Mexico , Obstetrics , Pregnancy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism, obesity and oxidative damage are risk factors for the development of preeclampsia in Mexican women. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 66 women with preeclampsia (PE) and 37 women with normal pregnancies (NP) were included in the study. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and the ACE I/D polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. ACE activity and oxidative damage were assessed in plasma. The intergroup comparisons were analyzed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc tests. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was tested by x2 analysis, odds ratios (OR) were calculated as a measure of the degree of relative risk of preeclampsia, and for correlations, we used Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The frequency of the DD genotype was higher in PE (34.84%) than NP (10.82%). The OR of the DD genotype and D allele were associated with a 4.4-fold (CI=95% 2.24-14) and 3-fold (CI=95% 1.69-5.62) increased risk of developing PE, respectively. Major ACE activity in the DD genotype and obesity were features of the PE group; oxidative damage to proteins and a reduction in the activity of the antioxidant system showed a correlation with BMI (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that ACE I/D polymorphism, high ACE activity, body mass index and oxidative damage may play key roles in the pathogenesis of PE in the Mexican population. Furthermore, these findings could be used as predictive factors of PE.
