ABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus pandemic has significantly increased the workload of surgical service worldwide. Restrictive measures led to postponement of elective surgical and diagnostic interventions and reduced the number of emergency manipulations around the world. Large-scale studies identified optimal period for postponing surgical procedures and advisability of this postponement. The authors present opinions of surgeons and their views on treatment strategy for various elective and emergency surgical interventions in abdominal surgery, traumatology-orthopedics and oncology. The main factors reducing perioperative mortality in patients with a new coronavirus infection are observance of anti-epidemic measures by patients and medical personnel, competent use of personal protective equipment, as well as adherence to protocols and algorithms for the treatment of these patients.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Orthopedic Procedures , Orthopedics , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Orthopedic Procedures/methods , Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Elective Surgical Procedures/methodsABSTRACT
Liver is an exceptional organ due to unique anatomical and physiological features, as well as advanced regenerative ability. Discovery of molecular mechanisms governing liver regeneration allowed researchers to use them to enhance liver regeneration. However, significant progress in this area was achieved through the introduction of gene therapy. In this manuscript, the authors consider stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering, as well as an alternative to liver transplantation.
Subject(s)
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy , Liver Regeneration , Liver/physiology , Tissue Engineering , Humans , Liver Regeneration/physiology , Stem CellsABSTRACT
It is known that liver is able to restore own dimensions and functional properties in response to various injuries. Despite extensive injuries, liver can preserve functional activity. Analysis of liver regeneration mechanisms allowed us to obtain significant results in the treatment of hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver failure. Liver regeneration processes substantiate the development of hepatocellular cancer following cirrhosis. Modern experimental and clinical data on liver regeneration, as well as current methods of stimulating this process are summarized in the manuscript. Despite significant advances in this issue, there are still many questions in scientific understanding of liver regeneration.
Subject(s)
Liver Diseases/physiopathology , Liver Regeneration , Liver/physiopathology , Humans , Liver Diseases/therapy , Liver Regeneration/physiologySubject(s)
Colon , Digestive System Abnormalities , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Intestinal Obstruction , Colon/abnormalities , Colon/physiopathology , Colon/surgery , Digestive System Abnormalities/complications , Digestive System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Digestive System Abnormalities/physiopathology , Digestive System Abnormalities/surgery , Female , Humans , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Intestinal Obstruction/physiopathology , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
In article on a sufficient experimental material efficiency xenotransplantation hepatocytes in correction of hepatic insufficiency after a resection of a liver is proved. Xenotransplantation hepatocytes improves proteinsynthetic function of a liver, reduces activity cytolisis, normalizes parameters of a hemostasis, and also positively influences activity of regeneration of a liver. The estimation of regeneration was made on the basis of research of weight of a liver and a spleen. The most effective in correction postresection hepatic failure is xenotransplantation cryoconservated isolated hepatocytes in a spleen.
ABSTRACT
Apoptosis the programmed death of a cell represents the biological and physiological process proceeding on type morphogenesis, directed on restriction of the immune answer. Apoptosis is important pathophysiology the mechanism of damage of a cell. He is shown at some illnesses and pathological processes in a liver, for example, at virus defeats, tumors’, inflammatory diseases, toxic defeats, metabolic dysfunctions, hepatic insufficiency. The functional deficiency caused by reduction of quantity of a fabric of a liver or destruction of cells, causes proliferative processes which, finally, result in restoration of hepatic functions.The understanding of mechanisms apoptosis will promote perfection of studying of illnesses of a liver at the person.
ABSTRACT
The authors review achievements in the field of prophylaxis and treatment of acute liver failure with donor's allo- and xenogenic isolated hepatocytes. Present-day clinical and experimental data on transplantation of hepatocytes evidence for their ability to produce a detoxicating action, to restore the lost functions of the affected part of the liver, to prevent death of hepatocytes caused by ischemia, to activate regeneration. This method is easy to conduct and obtained cells from one donor can by used for many recepients. Problems in transplantation of isolated hepatocytes are shown. Factors stimulating hepatocyte regeneration are mentioned with a special focus on hepatocyte growth factor having the most potent mitogenic effect.
