A novel method to pack cryopreserved amniotic membrane for wound dressing-the pathway through validation of a new biological product.

Amniotic membrane (AM) has been widely used as a biological dressing for many pathologies and illnesses worldwide, and products derived from this tissue have been commercially available in several countries. In Brazil, regulatory agencies have recently authorized its clinical use as a non-experimental therapy for burns, diabetic and venous stasis ulcers, and intrauterine adhesions. In this study, we present our pathway through validating the first available service in the country of AM cryopreservation, with a protocol for long-term storage in high-efficiency nitrogen cryogenic freezers and a specific way of packing the tissue for optimal clinical handling and efficient storage space utilization while preserving live cells and the tissue's biological properties. Using gauze as support, cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide and product presentation as a multilayer roll exhibited the best cell viability results and maintained the tissue integrity and presence of stem/progenitor cells. Essential proteins involved in tissue regeneration and immune and antimicrobial control were detected from the secretome of cryopreserved tissue similar to fresh tissue. Furthermore, immunogenic markers, such as human leukocyte antigens, were detected at very low levels in the tissue, confirming their low immunogenicity. Finally, we demonstrate that the tissue can be kept under refrigerated conditions for up to 7 d for further use, maintaining sterility and considerable cell viability. Our cryopreservation and storage protocol kept the AM viable for at least 20 months. In conclusion, this study enabled us to determine a novel efficient protocol for long-term AM preservation for future clinical applications.

Experiências de partos não planejados fora do ambiente hospitalar / Experiences of unplanned deliveries outside the hospital environment

Objetivo: identificar as experiências das mães em partos não planejados fora do ambiente hospitalar. Metodologia: Foi realizada revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Medline e SciVerse Scopus. Foram incluídas publicações em inglês e em português, no período entre 2000 e 2021. A amostra final foi composta de quatro artigos. Resultados: As experiências vividas se mostram ambíguas, com relatos de vulnerabilidade, estresse e culpa, mas, também, sensações de sorte, alívio e orgulho após o nascimento. Ainda, o tempo de deslocamento até uma instituição de saúde é determinante na realização de partos fora do ambiente hospitalar. Outros fatores que influenciam na ocorrência dizem respeito às mães solo, baixa escolaridade e falta de assistência pré-natal. Conclusões: O nível de desenvolvimento socioeconômico do país é um fator decisivo, no qual mães procedentes de países desenvolvidos sentiam-se mais seguras com a experiência do que as mães de países em desenvolvi-mento. Além disso, a educação médica baseada em um atendimento humanizado potencializou a promoção de uma vivência positiva em relação ao parto não planejado fora do ambiente hospitalar para as mulheres. (AU)

Objective: This study aims to identify the experiences of mothers that gave an unplanned out-of-hospital birth. Design: An integrative review was performed in Medline and SciVerse Scopus databases. Publications in English and Portuguese, covering the period between 2000 and 2021, were included. The final selection consisted of four articles. Results: The experiences are ambiguous, showing vulnerability, stress, and guilt, but also feelings of good fortune, relief, and pride after labor. Furthermore, the time spent traveling to a health institution is a determinant of births out of the hospital. Other factors influencing the occurrence are related to single mothers, insufficient education, and lack of prenatal care. Conclusion: It is acknowledged that the country's socio-economic develop-ment level is a decisive factor, in which mothers from developed countries felt more secure with the experience than mothers from developing countries. In addition, medical education based on humanized care has enhanced the promotion of a positive experience concerning unplanned childbirth in an out-of-hospital environment for women. (AU)