ABSTRACT
Lymphocytes extracted from freshly resected melanomas can be expanded in vitro and can often mediate specific lysis of autologous tumor cells but not allogeneic tumor or autologous normal cells. We treated 20 patients with metastatic melanoma by means of adoptive transfer of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2, after the patients had received a single intravenous dose of cyclophosphamide. Objective regression of the cancer was observed in 9 of 15 patients (60 percent) who had not previously been treated with interleukin-2 and in 2 of 5 patients (40 percent) in whom previous therapy with interleukin-2 had failed. Regression of cancer occurred in the lungs, liver, bone, skin, and subcutaneous sites and lasted from 2 to more than 13 months. Toxic effects of interleukin-2 occurred, although the treatment course was short (five days); these side effects were reversible. It appears that in patients with metastatic melanoma, this experimental treatment regimen can produce higher response rates than those achieved with interleukin-2 administered alone or with lymphokine-activated killer cells. It is too early to determine whether this new form of immunotherapy can improve survival, but further trials seem warranted.
Subject(s)
Immunotherapy/methods , Interleukin-2/administration & dosage , Lymphocytes/immunology , Melanoma/therapy , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Interleukin-2/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm MetastasisABSTRACT
Procedures are presented for routine evaluation of antibody specificity, titre, and quantitation of antigen levels in tissue extracts without the use of radiolabeled probes. A colorimetric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for general use with neuropeptides, using neurotensin as a primary example. These assays use rabbit anti-neurotensin immune serum which is colorimetrically identified after combination with an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated, affinity purified, goat anti-rabbit IgG and reaction with the chromogenic substrate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Because the principle of these methods can be adapted for use with various proteins and neuropeptides, they should find widespread applicability in neurobiology.
Subject(s)
Brain Chemistry , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Neurotensin/analysis , Alkaline Phosphatase , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Immune Sera , Neurotensin/immunology , Nitrophenols/pharmacology , Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology , Rabbits , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Eleven features that are independent of stain intensity are described. Values greater than 1.4 times the average optical density were shown to define the visually darker areas of the image, which were considered to be condensed chromatin. Use of the 11 features permitted the discrimination between (1) lymphocytes and macrophages of rats, (2) macrophages from the spleens of rats and monocytes from peripheral blood and (3) macrophages from the spleens of rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant and those from the spleens of normal rats.
Subject(s)
Coloring Agents , DNA/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , Monocytes/metabolism , Rosaniline Dyes , Animals , Cells/classification , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Freund's Adjuvant , Humans , Rats , Spleen/cytologySubject(s)
Friend murine leukemia virus/immunology , Immunity, Cellular , Leukemia, Experimental/immunology , Lymphocytes/immunology , Amylose/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Cells, Cultured , Chlorides , Chromium Radioisotopes , Concanavalin A , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic , Female , Immunosuppression Therapy , Interferons/biosynthesis , Lymphocyte Activation , Macrophages/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred DBA , Newcastle disease virus/immunology , Poly I-C , Polysaccharides , RNA , Spleen/cytologySubject(s)
Friend murine leukemia virus , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/drug therapy , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Animals , Antibodies, Viral , Antibody Formation , Erythrocytes/immunology , Friend murine leukemia virus/immunology , Hemolytic Plaque Technique , Lectins/pharmacology , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/immunology , Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/microbiology , Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy , Leukemia, Experimental/immunology , Lymphocyte Activation , Macrophages/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred DBA , Phagocytosis , Poly I-C/therapeutic use , Sheep/immunology , Spleen/immunology , Virus ReplicationSubject(s)
Friend murine leukemia virus , Interferons/metabolism , Leukemia, Experimental/immunology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antibody-Producing Cells , Antilymphocyte Serum/pharmacology , Chromium Isotopes , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic , Female , Friend murine leukemia virus/immunology , Friend murine leukemia virus/isolation & purification , Hemolytic Plaque Technique , Leukemia, Experimental/blood , Leukemia, Experimental/microbiology , Methods , Newcastle disease virus/immunology , Poly I-C/pharmacology , Rats , Remission, Spontaneous , Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/immunologySubject(s)
Lymphocytes/immunology , Macrophages/immunology , Virus Diseases/immunology , Animals , Antibody Formation , Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology , Carrier State/immunology , Cell Migration Inhibition , Chemotaxis , Chromosome Aberrations , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic , Humans , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology , Immunosuppression Therapy , Infectious Mononucleosis/immunology , Leukopenia/immunology , Lymphocyte Activation , Neoplasms/immunology , Oncogenic Viruses/immunology , Viruses/pathogenicitySubject(s)
Antibodies , Friend murine leukemia virus/pathogenicity , Leukemia, Experimental/immunology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Animals , Antibody Formation , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Carbon Isotopes , Chromium Isotopes , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic , Female , Hemagglutination Tests , In Vitro Techniques , Iodine Isotopes , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Neutralization Tests , Spleen/cytology , Spleen/immunology , Splenomegaly/immunologySubject(s)
Lymphocytes/immunology , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Yellow Fever/immunology , Yellow fever virus/immunology , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Lectins/pharmacology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/microbiology , Time Factors , Virus Replication/drug effects , Yellow fever virus/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus were employed to investigate the nature of the viral event(s) which induces chick-embryo cells to produce interferon. Chick embryo cells induced by the parental heat-resistant strain of Sindbis virus produced essentially equal amounts of interferon at 29 and 42 C. An RNA(-) and three RNA(+) strains [temperature-sensitive mutants unable (RNA(-)) and able (RNA(+)) to make ribonucleic acid] produced interferon at 29 C but not at 42 C. It is concluded that viral RNA per se and the replication of viral RNA do not induce interferon production by chick embryo cells.