ABSTRACT
The fast Li conductivity of LiBH4 envisages its use in all-solid-state batteries. Powders are commonly applied. But here, we study the formation of dense micrometer films by melting, spinning and subsequent solidifying. Characterized by electron microscopy, and spectroscopy (EDX/XPS/impedance), a reversible phase transformation is confirmed as well as a maximum conductivity of 103 S cm-1.
ABSTRACT
Influenza pandemics require rapid deployment of effective vaccines for control. Adjuvants such as AS03 improve vaccine immunogenicity, but this mechanism is poorly understood. We used high-throughput B cell receptor sequencing of plasma cells produced following AS03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccination, as well as pre-pandemic seasonal influenza vaccination to elucidate the effect of the adjuvant on the humoral immune response. By analyzing mutation levels, it was possible to distinguish sequences from cells that were recently activated from naïve B cells from those that were activated by memory recall. We show that the adjuvant functions through two mechanisms. First, the adjuvant stimulates increased activation of naïve B cells, thus reducing immune interference with previous vaccine responses. Second, the adjuvant is able to increase the adaptability of the recalled cells to give improved specificity to the new vaccine antigen. We thus show how AS03 enhances pH1N1 immune responses, and reduces immune interference.
Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Vaccination/methods , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , B-Lymphocytes/drug effects , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/blood , Influenza, Human/immunology , Polysorbates/administration & dosage , Squalene/administration & dosage , alpha-Tocopherol/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Pandemics , Seizures, Febrile/epidemiology , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant , Influenza, Human/complications , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Male , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Seizures, Febrile/diagnosis , Seizures, Febrile/etiology , SwitzerlandABSTRACT
A four-month-old infant was hospitalized because of RSV bronchiolitis. Two days after presentation he developed rhabdomyolysis, most probably as a result of multiple factors (hyperthermia, hypovolemia/dehydration, hypernatremia, metabolic acidosis), followed by severe complications including acute renal failure, hepatic dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Under sufficient fluid supply he recovered completely. In rhabdomyolysis clinical symptoms vary. Seldom, the classical trial of muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine is observed. Severe complications are hypovolemia, electrolyte disorders, a compartment syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure, which causes death in 20% of the patients, although non-traumatic causes seem to have better outcome. The mainly therapeutic option is to correct the hypovolemia with sufficient fluid supply.
