[Study of a intestinal enteroliths in human patient with colon adenocarcinoma. Is it similar to renal calculi?]. / Estudio de un cálculo intestinal en un paciente con adenocarcinoma de colón. Es similar a los cálculos renales?

This work shows the study performance to intestinal enterolithis from a 91 year old patient with multiple enterolithiasis confirmed by abdominal X-ray and TAC analyses showing the presence of intestinal, renal and bile stones. This enterolithis is associated with colon adenocarcinoma. The enteroliths were obtained by hemicolectomia and were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), giving non-stoichiometry carbonate apatite whitloquite-like with, possibly, organic material. By atomic emission spectroscopy we found Ca, Mg, K, Na and K (mg/100 mg of calculi) and Zn, Ba, Mn, Fe, Cu, Si, Ti and Br in minor proportion (microg/100 mg of calculi). Because of calculi morphology and the IR spectra (non-stoichiometry carbonate apatite) we carried out analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and found coproporphyrin (about microg/g of calculi) and uroporphyrin, protoporphyrin and heptacarboxy-porphyrin in minor extent. Calculi were also studied by scanning electronic microscopy and EDX and X-ray diffraction giving crystals of CaP4O11. All these results show that intestinal enteroliths composition are similar to renal calculi although its morphology differs from renal calculi.

[Unusual elements in renal calculi]. / Elementos no frecuentes en cálculos renales.

A group of 54 renal calculi were spontaneously passed renal stone after a nephritic colic. Two groups of calculi were found: papillary and non-papillary calculi. All calculi were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and electronic microscopy scan (EMS) and EDAX. When the stones were analyzed with EDAX, elements such as C, N, O, Na, S, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn were detected. The possible origin of these elements is discussed in this work.

Elementos no frecuentes en cálculos renales / Unusual elements in renal calculi

Se analizó un grupo de 54 cálculos expulsados espontáneamente después de padecer un cólico nefrítico. Dos grupos de cálculos fueron encontrados: papilares y no papilares. Todos los cálculos fueron analizados por espectroscopia infrarroja y por microscopia electrónica de barrido y EDAX. Al ser analizados los cálculos por EDAX se detectaron los siguientes elementos químicos; C, N, O, Na, S, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn. El posible origen de estos elementos es analizado en este trabajo

A group of 54 renal calculi were spontaneously passed renal stone after a nephritic colic. Two groups of calculi were found: papillary and non-papillary calculi. All calculi were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and electronic microscopy scan (EMS) and EDAX. When the stones were analyzed with EDAX, elements such as C, N, O, Na, S, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn were detected. The possible origin of these elements is discussed in this work

Porfirinas en cálculos renales. (Revisión) / Porphyrins in renal calculi. (Review)

Hemos realizado una revisión del contenido de porfirinas en una clase peculiar de cálculos renales. Estos son negros como el carbón y presentan un espectro infrarrojo (EIR) similar al conocido como “materia orgánica”, el cual no indica la clase de sustancia a la que corresponde. Otros tipos de cálculos renales, principalmente de pequeño tamaño y eliminados espontáneamente, pueden tener un compuesto oscuro o negro de forma difusa o aislada y presentan un espectro de IR similar al de “materia orgánica”. Después de observar que la hemoglobina presentaba un espectro de IR de “materia orgánica”, estudiamos, por cromatografía en capa fina, un método sensible para la determinación de porfirinas,la presencia de porfirinas en diversos tipos de cálculos renales negros y oscuros, ya que las porfirinas son los precursores del grupo hemo. Este trabajo ha puesto de manifiesto dos tipos de porfirinas: la coproporfirina, en pacientes que padecen hepatopatías, y la uroporfirina y heptacarboxilporfirina en pacientes con algún tipo de porfiria o bien con fracaso renal crónico (AU)

We performed a review of the porphyrines content in a type of black, charcoal-like, renal calculi exhibiting infrarred spectra (IRS) similar to those characteristic of “organic material” which has not yet been fully elucidate. Several other types of renal calculi, mainly those of small size, spontaneous passage renal stone, may also have diffuse or isolated dark charcoal components showing “organic material” IRS. After observing that haemoglobin has an “organic material” IRS, we studied, by a sensitive thin layer chromatography method, the presence of porphyrines in several types of dark or charcoal renal stones, since porphyrines are the physiological precursors of haemo group biosynthesis. We found two types of porphyrine content: coproporphyrin, in patients suffering from hepatopathy, and uroporphyrin and heptacarboxil-porphyrin in patients with some types of porphyria or with chronic renal failure (AU)

Litiasis renal inducida por indinavir / Indinavir and renal lithiasis

El indinavir es un nuevo, específico y potente fármaco que actúa, como otros agentes anti-retrovirales, inhibiendo la proteasa del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH-1) o de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA). El indinavir se une al centro activo del enzima, originando un descenso en plasma de ARN VIH-1 y un aumento de los linfocitos T-CD4 "helper" dando origen a un descenso del enzima, necesaria para la maduración y replicación del VIH-1.El presente trabajo estudia la cristaluria de dos de los nueve pacientes que padecían VIH-1 y/o SIDA tratados con indinavir, así como el cálculo formado por uno de los dos pacientes que presentaban cristaluria.El estudio se realizó con microscopio de luz polarizada y por espectrofotometría infrarroja, mostrando que la visualización de la cristaluria con microscopio de luz polarizada es útil para la caracterización de las mismas, así como para el estudio de los cálculos renales es útil el análisis por espectrofotometría infrarroja

Indinavir is a new specific and potent drug that inhibits, like other antiretroviral agents, the proteaseof immune deficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), an enzymenecessary to maduration and replication of the virus. Indinavir has the capacity to bind the activesite causing a decrease in plasma of HIV1-RNA and an increase of T-CD4 helper lymphocytes. Theaim of this work is to study in HIV and/or AIDS patients treated with indinavir the crystalluria andthe formation of renal calculi due to the clearance of this drug. Two out of nine patients studied inthis work presented abundant crystalluria and one of them presented spontaneously passed renalstone.Urinary crystals were studied under polarized-light microscopy and renal stone was analyzed byinfrared spectroscopy