ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Multiple New Zealand and other international studies have identified gaps in the management of those identified at high risk of a future cardiovascular (CV) event. This study sought to explore the views of health professionals about the barriers and facilitators present within the current primary health care system to the optimal management of those at high CV risk. METHODS: This qualitative study utilised a focus group methodology to examine the barriers and facilitators within primary health care (PHC), and employed a general inductive approach to analyse the text data. FINDINGS: The analysis of text data resulted in the emergence of interrelated themes, underpinned by subthemes. The patient, their circumstances and their characteristics and perceptions provided the first key theme and subthemes. The next key theme was primary health care providers, with subthemes of communication and values and beliefs. The general practice was the third theme and included multiple subthemes: implementation planning and pathway development, time and workload and roles and responsibilities. The final main theme was the health system with the subthemes linking to funding and leadership. CONCLUSION: This study determined the factors that act as barriers and facilitators to the effective management of those at high CV risk within the New Zealand PHC sector. General practice has a pivotal role in preventive health care, but to succeed there needs to be a refocusing of the PHC sector, requiring support from policy makers, District Health Boards and Primary Health Organisations, as well as those working in the sector.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Needs Assessment , Nurse Practitioners/psychology , Physicians, Primary Care/psychology , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Disease Management , Focus Groups , Health Services Research , Humans , Middle Aged , New Zealand , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Qualitative Research , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
AIMS: To develop an effective and efficient process for the seamless delivery of care for targeted patients with specific chronic diseases. To reduce inexplicable variation and maximise use of available resources by implementing evidence-based care processes. To develop a programme that is acceptable and applicable to the Counties Manukau region. METHODS: A model for the management of people with chronic diseases was developed. Model components and potential interventions were piloted. For each disease project, a return on investment was calculated and external evaluation was undertaken. The initial model was subsequently modified and individual disease projects aligned to it. RESULTS: The final Chronic Care Management model, agreed in September 2001, described a single common process. Key components were the targeting of high risk patients, organisation of cost effective interventions into a system of care, and an integrated care server acting as a data warehouse with a rules engine, providing flags and reminders. Return on investment analysis suggested potential savings for each disease component from $277 to $980 per person per annum. CONCLUSIONS: For selected chronic diseases, introduction of an integrated chronic care management programme, based on internationally accepted best practice processes and interventions can make significant savings, reducing morbidity and improving the efficiency of health delivery in the Counties Manukau region.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Heart Failure/therapy , Long-Term Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Chronic Disease , Cost Control , Diabetes Mellitus/economics , Disease Management , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Heart Failure/economics , Humans , New Zealand , Pilot Projects , Program Development , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/economicsABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the perceived effectiveness and acceptability of a disease management programme for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) in South Auckland. METHODS: Focus groups were held with patients, and practice nurses (PNs) and general practitioners (GPs) interviewed to develop the questionnaires. Questionnaires were posted to the 150 patients, 14 GPs and 6 PNs involved in the programme. RESULTS: The programme was reported as changing patient lifestyle behaviours and patient understanding of medications and CHF. GP management was also seen as having improved. All aspects of the programme were seen as important: clinical review with a GP, educational sessions with a PN, patient-held care plan and educational material. The main issues were lack of time for practice staff to be involved, and payment for their time. CONCLUSIONS: Disease management programmes such as this are of value and are acceptable to both patients and providers.
