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1.
Matern Child Health J ; 27(1): 142-150, 2023 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36352284

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to improve the understanding of the interrelationships between sociodemographic factors, pregnancy intention, and antenatal care by: (1) identifying sociodemographic predictors of unintended pregnancy; (2) examining associations between unintended pregnancy types and antenatal care (ANC) inadequacy; (3) examining how the association between unintended pregnancy and ANC inadequacy is modified by maternal characteristics; and (4) identifying sociodemographic predictors of ANC inadequacy by pregnancy intention status. METHODS: We analyzed women 15-49 years of age who participated in the nationwide cross-sectional Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Pregnancy intention and ANC adequacy were assessed for the most recent live birth within two years preceding survey completion. Weighted Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios. RESULTS: Of the 1,474 study participants, 17.8% had unintended pregnancy and 29.0% had inadequate ANC. There was no significant confounding-adjusted association between unintended pregnancy and ANC inadequacy, except in those currently not working. Women with intended pregnancy or unintended pregnancy had significantly higher ANC inadequacy risk if they lived in rural areas, were less educated, and had no media exposure, lower wealth status, or more than two children. Younger age, ever given birth, having child loss, and positive attitude towards partner violence were significant predictors of ANC inadequacy only in women with intended pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: ANC inadequacy was more strongly predicted by sociodemographic characteristics rather than pregnancy intention, and the sociodemographic variables' prediction of ANC inadequacy was stronger in women with intended pregnancy than unintended pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Intention , Prenatal Care , Child , Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Vietnam , Sociodemographic Factors , Pregnancy, Unplanned , Surveys and Questionnaires , Patient Acceptance of Health Care
2.
Food Chem ; 141(3): 2591-9, 2013 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23870999

ABSTRACT

Piperine is a bioactive component of black pepper, Piper nigrum Linn, commonly used for daily consumption and in traditional medicine. Here, the molecular mechanisms by which piperine exerts antitumor effects in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells was investigated. The results showed that piperine strongly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Furthermore, piperine inhibited HER2 gene expression at the transcriptional level. Blockade of ERK1/2 signaling by piperine significantly reduced SREBP-1 and FAS expression. Piperine strongly suppressed EGF-induced MMP-9 expression through inhibition of AP-1 and NF-κB activation by interfering with ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt signaling pathways resulting in a reduction in migration. Finally, piperine pretreatment enhanced sensitization to paclitaxel killing in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that piperine may be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer with HER2 overexpression.


Subject(s)
Alkaloids/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Benzodioxoles/pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Piperidines/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology , Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics , Apoptosis/drug effects , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology , Caspase 3/genetics , Caspase 3/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Humans , Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
3.
Phytomedicine ; 20(7): 622-31, 2013 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23466342

ABSTRACT

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an important efflux transporter, is encoded by the MDR1 class of genes and is a central element of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon in cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated whether mollugin, purified from roots of Rubica cordifolia L., down-regulated MDR1 expression in MCF-7/adriamycin (MCF-7/adr) cells, a human breast multidrug-resistant cancer cell line. Mollugin treatment significantly inhibited MDR1 expression by blocking MDR1 transcription. Mollugin treatment also significantly increased intracellular accumulation of the fluorescently-tagged P-gp substrate, rhodamine-123. The suppression of MDR1 promoter activity and protein expression was mediated through mollugin-induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, mollugin inhibited MDR1 expression through the suppression of NF-κB and CREB activation. Interestingly, mollugin also inhibited COX-2 expression. These results suggest that mollugin treatment enhanced suppression of P-gp expression by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and COX-2 expression, as well as attenuating CRE transcriptional activity through AMPK activation.


Subject(s)
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects , Pyrans/pharmacology , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects , Fluorescent Dyes/pharmacokinetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Humans , MCF-7 Cells/drug effects , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Pyrans/chemistry , Rhodamine 123/pharmacokinetics
4.
Mol Nutr Food Res ; 57(3): 471-82, 2013 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23349077

ABSTRACT

SCOPE: Increasing evidence indicates that polyphenols may protect against metabolic disease through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The aims of our study were to provide new data on the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the role of the phenolic compound, 3-caffeoyl, 4-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid (CDCQ) from Salicornia herbacea, in the prevention of high glucose-induced lipogenesis in human HepG2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nile red staining assays were used to demonstrate lipid accumulation in the cells. Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene at the levels of promoter activity, mRNA, and protein was demonstrated using transient transfection assays, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analyses, respectively. We found that CDCQ suppressed high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. CDCQ strongly inhibited high glucose-induced FAS expression by modulating SREBP-1c activation. Moreover, the use of both a specific inhibitor and liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-siRNA transfected HepG2 cells showed that CDCQ activated AMPK via silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) or LKB1 in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CDCQ prevented lipid accumulation by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1/SIRT1 and AMPK activation in HepG2 cells, suggesting that CDCQ plays a potential role in the prevention of lipogenesis by AMPK activation.


Subject(s)
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Chenopodiaceae/chemistry , Chlorogenic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Glucose/adverse effects , Lipogenesis/drug effects , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases , Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics , Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Hep G2 Cells/drug effects , Hep G2 Cells/metabolism , Humans , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Promoter Regions, Genetic , RNA, Small Interfering , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Sirtuin 1/genetics , Sirtuin 1/metabolism , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
5.
Food Chem ; 136(2): 415-25, 2013 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23122079

ABSTRACT

Phillyrin, an active constituent found in many medicinal plants and certain functional foods, has anti-obesity activity in vivo. The aim of our study was to provide new data on the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the role of phillyrin in the prevention of high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in human HepG2 hepatocytes. We found that phillyrin suppressed high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Phillyrin strongly inhibited high glucose-induced fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression by modulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) activation. Moreover, use of the pharmacological AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C revealed that AMPK is essential for suppressing SREBP-1c expression in phillyrin-treated cells. Finally, we found that liver kinase B1 (LKB1) phosphorylation is required for the phillyrin-enhanced activation of AMPK in HepG2 hepatocytes. These results indicate that phillyrin prevents lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1/AMPK activation, suggesting that phillyrin is a novel AMPK activator with a role in the prevention and treatment of obesity.


Subject(s)
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Glucosides/pharmacology , Hepatocytes/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics , Hep G2 Cells , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Hepatocytes/enzymology , Humans , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
6.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 50(7): 2342-8, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22542552

ABSTRACT

Piperine is a major component of black (Piper nigrum Linn) and long (Piper longum Linn) peppers, and is widely used as a traditional food and medicine. It also exhibits a variety of biological activities, which include antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-pyretic properties. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of piperine on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression and analyzed the molecular mechanism of its activity in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Piperine dose-dependently decreased PMA-induced COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production, as well as COX-2 promoter-driven luciferase activity. Transient transfections utilizing COX-2 promoter deletion constructs and COX-2 promoter constructs, in which specific enhancer elements were mutagenized, revealed that the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), were the predominant contributors to the effects of piperine. In addition, piperine inhibited PMA-induced NF-κB, C/EBP and c-Jun nuclear translocation. Furthermore, piperine significantly inhibited PMA-induced activation of the Akt and ERK. These findings demonstrate that piperine effectively attenuates COX-2 production, and provide further insight into the signal transduction pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of piperine.


Subject(s)
Alkaloids/pharmacology , Benzodioxoles/pharmacology , CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Macrophages/drug effects , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Piperidines/pharmacology , Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/antagonists & inhibitors , Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism , Animals , Blotting, Western , Cell Line , Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Dinoprostone/biosynthesis , Enzyme Activation , Humans , Macrophages/metabolism , Mice , Protein Kinases/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
7.
Biol Psychol ; 89(3): 539-44, 2012 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22248928

ABSTRACT

This study examined sex differences in the emotional memory consolidation, and the impact of stress-induced cortisol and salivary alpha amylase responses on emotional memory recall. Following baseline salivary measures, 39 healthy women and 41 men viewed 20 neutral and 20 negative arousing images, and then underwent either a cold pressor stress test or control condition, followed by further salivary measures. Participants returned two days later for a free recall test. The stress condition induced greater cortisol response, and negative images were better recalled than neutral. Whereas women displayed greater recall of negative images under stress than men, they recalled fewer negative images in the control condition. Stress-induced cortisol predicted recall of negative images in women, and neutral images in men. This suggests there is an enhanced consolidation of negative images under stress in women that may be a potential mechanism for the greater female prevalence for developing anxiety disorders.


Subject(s)
Emotions , Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Memory/physiology , Salivary alpha-Amylases/metabolism , Sex Characteristics , Stress, Psychological/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Cold Temperature/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Regression Analysis , Young Adult
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