ABSTRACT
Mali is a country with agro pastoral vocation. Livestock, because of the strong agro pastoral tradition, occupies an important place in the economy of Mali with nearly 30% of the Gross Domestic Product of the primary sector. . Practiced by 80% of the population, livestock farming contributes to the income of rural populations. Faeces were collected in the cattle in 4 parks of the district of Bamako and surroundings, chosen because of their accessibility in all seasons and also thanks to the informed consent of the owners of these parks. Feces were collected from the rectum of 143 cattle for nematode eggs from coproscopic examinations. At the end of this study, the presence of nematodes was demonstrated in all sampling sites with an average prevalence of 62.24%. The parasitic fauna consisted of Trichostrongylus sp, Strongyloides sp, Trichuris sp and Ascaris sp. The prevalence was 77.14% in Moribabougou park, 74.36% in Marako, 50% in Sanankoroba and 41.18% in Quartier sans fil park. The importance of nematode infections poses a real threat to cattle breeding in the parks of Bamako and its surroundings. This demonstrates a need to strengthen the national policy for monitoring animal health by the Ministry of Livestock.
Le Mali est un pays à vocation agropastorale. L'élevage, en raison de la forte tradition agropastorale, occupe une place importante dans l'économie du Mali avec près de 30% du Produit Intérieur Brut du secteur primaire. Pratiqué par 80% de la population, l'élevage, participe au revenu des populations rurales. Des fèces ont été prélevées chez des bovins dans 4 parcs du District de Bamako et environs, choisis à cause de leur accessibilité en toute saison et aussi grâce au consentement éclairé des propriétaires de ces parcs. Les fèces ont été prélevées dans le rectum de 143 bovins pour la recherche des Åufs de nématodes à partir d'examens coproscopiques. A l'issu de cette étude, la présence des nématodes a été mise en évidence dans tous les sites de prélèvements avec une prévalence moyenne de 62,24%. La faune parasitaire était composée de Trichostrongylus sp, Strongyloides sp, Trichuris sp et Ascaris sp. La prévalence était de 77,14% dans le parc de Moribabougou, 74,36% à Marako, 50% à Sanankoroba et 41,18% dans le parc du Quartier sans fil. L'importance des infections dues aux nématodes constitue une réelle menace pour l'élevage bovine dans les parcs de Bamako et environs. Ceci démontre un besoin de renforcement de la politique nationale de suivi de la santé animale par le ministère de l'élevage.
ABSTRACT
To acquire the information needed to improve parasite control in periurban cattle production in Mali, repeated sampling of faeces of 694 calves kept around Bamako was done in 2003/2004. The effects of season, age, breed, management type, parasite control and presence of sheep on egg and oocyst counts were determined. A Bayesian model was used with a negative binomial distribution and herd and individual effects, to account for the clustering of calves in herds and the repeated sampling. Interviews were conducted to report the current control strategies. We found eggs of Strongyloides papillosus (Age class 0-1 month: prevalence 39%, 2-3 months: 59%, 5-6 months: 42%), strongyles (14%, 24%, 36%), coccidian oocysts (37%, 68%, 64%) and at low prevalence eggs of Toxocara vitulorum, Moniezia sp., Trichuris sp. and Paramphistomum sp. Season and age effects occurred. Reported utilisation of parasite control was high (92%) but monthly recorded use was significantly lower (61%).
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary , Parasite Egg Count/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/parasitology , Mali/epidemiology , Prevalence , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/parasitology , Time Factors , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Post-mortem inspections on 51 calves were conducted to investigate acquisition and spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites in young calves in periurban livestock production in Mali. Generalized linear models with herd as a repeated effect were used to test the influence of management, age and season of birth on parasite numbers and diversity. Parasite number and burden increased with age. In the age class 4-13 months animals carried already up to eight different gastrointestinal parasite species. Parasite spectrum found included 11 nematodes, 3 cestodes and 1 protozoan parasite. The most frequent parasite species found were Haemonchus placei (age class 0-1 month: 7%, 1-4 months: 38%, 4-13 months: 69%), Cooperia pectinata (0%, 33% and 44%) and C. punctata (0%, 33% and 38%). Calves born during the rainy season had higher parasite burden and species diversity than calves born during the dry season. Calves kept under modernised management excreted more Strongyloides papillosus eggs than calves kept under traditional management. Calves acquired most of the parasites occurring in adult bovines in West Africa within their first year of life.
