1.
Toxins (Basel)
; 12(4)2020 04 22.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32331272
ABSTRACT
Blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia are focal dystonias characterized by involuntary and often patterned, repetitive muscle contractions. There is a long history of medical and surgical therapies, with the current first-line therapy, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), becoming standard of care in 1989. This comprehensive review utilized MEDLINE and PubMed and provides an overview of the history of these focal dystonias, BoNT, and the use of toxin to treat them. We present the levels of clinical evidence for each toxin for both, focal dystonias and offer guidance for muscle and site selection as well as dosing.
Subject(s)
Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Dystonic Disorders/drug therapy , Mandibular Diseases/drug therapy , Muscular Diseases/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Blepharospasm/epidemiology , Dystonic Disorders/epidemiology , Humans , Mandibular Diseases/epidemiology , Muscular Diseases/epidemiology
2.
3.
4.
Bull Menninger Clin
; 48(4): 318-28, 1984 Jul.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-6383506
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/psychology , Social Adjustment , Adaptation, Psychological , Age Factors , Ego , Employment , Humans , Mastectomy/psychology , Religion and Psychology , Sex Factors , Social Support
5.
Bull Menninger Clin
; 48(4): 329-41, 1984 Jul.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-6478101
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/psychology , Patient Compliance , Aged , Family , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/therapy , Personality
6.
J Kans Med Soc
; 77(3): 115, 126, 1976 Mar.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-1249467
7.
Radiology
; 99(2): 456, 1971 May.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-4928680
8.
Radiology
; 99(2): 457, 1971 May.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-4928681
9.
Radiology
; 99(1): 207, 1971 Apr.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-4928969
